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Spironolactone treatment increases the amount of testosterone available in the body.

The document concludes that accurate measurement of serum androgens is crucial for diagnosing hyperandrogenism.

Diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women is complex and requires accurate testing methods and consideration of SHBG levels.

Plant-made bFGF helps cells grow and boosts collagen.

Normal levels for certain hormones in Chinese women of reproductive age were identified.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and highlighted increased risks of diabetes and heart disease for those affected.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Use "female pattern hair loss" term, assess androgen excess, treat with minoxidil and other medications if needed.

To diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, two out of three signs—irregular periods, high male hormone levels, or cysts on the ovaries—are needed.

Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.

Testosterone implants in women require pharmacological dosing to be effective and are generally safe and well-tolerated.

PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.

Smaller curcumin nanocrystals penetrate skin and hair follicles better than larger ones.

The 2023 guideline for PCOS suggests using updated diagnostic criteria, assessing related health risks, and recommends lifestyle changes and specific treatments for symptoms and fertility issues.

The document concludes that blocking the internal pathways that create androgens might help treat cancers that depend on sex hormones.

The 2023 guideline advises a detailed approach for PCOS, focusing on early detection, lifestyle and medical treatments, and managing health risks.

Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.

Polysaccharides have many health benefits and are used in drugs, but isolating and purifying them is complex and requires careful methods.

Copper-doxorubicin nanoparticles effectively treat tumors with less toxicity.

Human platelets change minoxidil to minoxidil sulfate, helping blood vessels widen.

Liver enzyme helps minoxidil work better for blood vessel relaxation.

Minoxidil activates hair growth by being sulfated by P-PST in the human liver.

Herbal nano-formulations show potential for effective skin delivery but need more research.

Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.

Advancements in creating skin grafts with biomaterials and stem cells are promising, but more research is needed for clinical application.

FGF9 controls which receptors it binds to through a process where two FGF9 molecules join, and changes in FGF9 can lead to incorrect receptor activation.

The more lipophilic the progesterone derivative, the better it binds to androgen receptors and has antiandrogenic effects.