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Doctors should use a detailed patient history and physical exam to diagnose joint pain, and consult a rheumatologist early for suspected autoimmune diseases.

Patients with the same genetic mutation for vitamin D-resistant rickets showed different symptoms but all improved with treatment except for hair loss.

A teenager lost hair due to fluoxetine and sertraline, but it grew back after stopping these drugs and switching to a different one.

Up to 50% of scalp hair can be lost before it appears thin, and treatment is only needed for hair loss caused by diseases or deficiencies.

Intravenous calcium therapy is a safe and effective treatment for a rare type of rickets.

A thorough skin history and full examination are important for diagnosing and understanding the impact of skin diseases.

Proper diet management is crucial for preventing severe symptoms in phenylketonuria.

New treatments for children's scalp ringworm are recommended based on recent data.

The document explains different hair and scalp conditions, including common hair loss after pregnancy or illness, drug-induced hair loss, hereditary excessive hair growth, patterned baldness, autoimmune hair loss, and permanent loss due to skin disease, with generally limited treatment options.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and management of hair loss in children require a detailed examination and understanding of various hair disorders.

Ringworm is a common, contagious fungal infection in dogs that can spread to humans and requires lengthy treatment.

A man developed oral hairy leukoplakia while on baricitinib, a medication for alopecia and arthritis, and doctors should watch for such side effects.

Eat a balanced diet for healthy hair; only use supplements if you have a proven nutrient deficiency.

Up to half of adult women may experience hair loss, and doctors should use medical history, exams, and tests to find the cause and treat it.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections effectively treat hair loss and thinning in both men and women, with high satisfaction and no major side effects.

Using platelet-rich plasma in hair restoration surgery significantly improves hair density after 6 months and is safe to use.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

Vitiligo is a skin condition causing white spots, more common in women, often starts before age 20, and can affect mental health.

PCOS is a complex disorder in women that can lead to various health risks and requires personalized treatment.

Platelet-rich plasma may have some benefits in dermatology, but there's not enough evidence to widely recommend its use.

Dermoscopy helps diagnose and monitor treatment for hair loss from scarring conditions like discoid lupus and lichen planopilaris.

Low-level laser therapy is safe and can increase hair growth for male and female pattern hair loss.

LGBT individuals have unique skin health needs, including higher STD risks and side effects from gender-affirming treatments, requiring dermatologists to offer knowledgeable and culturally competent care.

Mood stabilizers can cause serious skin reactions; careful monitoring and immediate treatment are crucial.

Both treatments for pemphigus foliaceus in dogs are effective, but combination therapy has more side effects.

Metformin should be used for PCOS mainly in those with glucose intolerance, and has limited benefits for infertility or hirsutism.

FOXN1 gene mutations cause a rare, severe immune disease treatable with cell or tissue transplants.

APS-1 in Italy shows diverse AIRE mutations and various autoimmune issues.

β-blockers can cause skin problems like psoriasis and vitiligo, and doctors should tell patients about these risks.

Sonidegib and vismodegib are similarly effective for advanced basal cell carcinoma, but sonidegib might have a slightly better safety profile.