March 2023 in “PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH” This study found that prolonged tofacitinib treatment in adult Indian patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata was associated with a high regrowth rate, which varied with factors like age at disease onset and treatment duration.
June 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This study found that tofacitinib was a safe and effective treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata, with a significant percentage achieving notable reductions in their Severity of Alopecia Tool scores after 18 months.
18 citations
,
January 2009 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” This study concluded that flutamide alone is more effective than finasteride for reducing hirsutism in women, and the combination of both drugs is not superior to flutamide alone.
November 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, tofacitinib treatment significantly reduced hair loss on the head and body, as well as nail involvement, in patients with alopecia areata over 18 months, with minimal side effects reported.
This review discusses finasteride's use in manipulating neuroactive steroid levels and its potential effects on behavior, reporting preclinical evidence and clinical observations but providing no new experimental results.
October 2024 in “Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists” This study reports that a 21-year-old male with alopecia totalis responded positively to the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib, achieving complete hair regrowth after six months of treatment without significant side effects, though further research is needed to evaluate long-term efficacy.
January 2024 in “Pharmacoepidemiology” This study found that patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking tofacitinib had higher rates of serious adverse events compared to those with alopecia areata, highlighting the need for careful assessment when using it off-label for alopecia areata.
May 2023 in “International Journal of Trichology” In this case report, the researchers described the use of tofacitinib in treating a 14-year-old boy from India with severe alopecia areata, achieving complete hair regrowth within 2 months without serious adverse events, highlighting tofacitinib's potential benefits and safety in adolescent cases.
This case report presented the successful treatment of a patient with alopecia universalis using tofacitinib.
8 citations
,
January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study found that treatment with the pure antiandrogen Flutamide did not affect the estrous cycle or plasma levels of most hormones in female rats, supporting its potential use for treating hirsutism, acne, and alopecia in women.
43 citations
,
November 2009 in “Archives of dermatology” This study found that alefacept showed no significant improvement in treating severe alopecia areata compared to placebo over a 24-week period.
October 2025 in “Pharmaceuticals” This review discusses the repurposing of auranofin for oncological and non-oncological uses and highlights its early-stage clinical trial findings, suggesting further exploration of its therapeutic potential.
April 2019 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” After the FDA's 2011 warning about a potential prostate cancer risk with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, this study observed a significant decrease in their prescriptions, notably a 49% drop among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, while primary care providers reduced prescriptions by 60%.
2 citations
,
November 2023 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” This study involving 126 patients found that tofacitinib has high effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile for treating alopecia areata, with a 33.8% complete response rate at 24 weeks and sex as an independent risk factor for outcomes.
October 2017 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study found that finasteride induced infertility and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats, but these effects were mitigated by DA-9401 administration.
15 citations
,
November 2020 in “Pharmaceutics” In this ex vivo and mouse model study, Tofacitinib-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced delivery of the drug into hair follicles and reduced inflammatory effects compared to conventional forms, indicating potential for safer, topical use in treating alopecia areata.
January 2025 in “Journal of Prescribing Practice”
10 citations
,
June 2018 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” The flutamide-loaded hydrogel is a promising, skin-friendly treatment for acne and hair loss, potentially requiring less frequent application.
49 citations
,
June 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” In this study, both cyproterone acetate-estrogen combination (Diane®) and finasteride were effective in reducing hirsutism, but Diane® showed greater long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
6 citations
,
July 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This review evaluates the use of 5α-reductase inhibitors in feminising hormone therapy, finding their additive feminising benefits unclear due to their specific action on testosterone conversion, with concerns highlighted regarding limited supporting evidence and safety signals, particularly for psychiatric and sexual effects.
5 citations
,
December 2023 in “Clinical Case Reports” This article suggests considering biologics to stabilize inflammation in moderate to severe folliculitis decalvans, although it reports no new clinical results.
9 citations
,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Dermatology” In this study, sublingual tofacitinib achieved a longer estimated half-life than oral administration in treatment-resistant alopecia areata patients, potentially supporting daily dosing; overall treatment response was modest.
6 citations
,
April 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study presents the first documented case of dramatic hair regrowth in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient with refractory alopecia following tofacitinib therapy, suggesting a potential new application for JAK inhibitors in difficult-to-treat cutaneous SLE manifestations.
5 citations
,
November 2013 in “Case reports in dermatology” This case report details a 57-year-old woman with frontal fibrosing alopecia who developed hyperpigmentation after treatment with dutasteride and pimecrolimus, highlighting no previously reported hyperpigmentation association with this combination.
5 citations
,
November 2023 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This study found that anifrolumab effectively reduced disease activity and allowed for corticosteroid tapering in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at Kanazawa University Hospital.
April 2025 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii” This study demonstrated the high effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib, a pan-JAK inhibitor, in treating severe forms of alopecia areata, although it is not yet FDA-approved for this condition.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “The Journal of Rheumatology” In this case report, two female patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus showed significant improvement after treatment with the JAK inhibitor upadacitinib, indicating potential as a promising option for difficult cases, although further research is needed to confirm its broader safety and efficacy.
This study found that testosterone and finasteride were significantly associated with reports of male-factor infertility based on FDA pharmacovigilance data from 2010 to 2020.
August 2020 in “Ugeskrift for Læger” This case report describes a 43-year-old male with alopecia totalis who successfully regrew all his hair after six months of treatment with tofacitinib, with no relapse at one year.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this study, a single subcutaneous dose of PTH-CBD showed similar hair regrowth to daily oral ruxolitinib in mice with alopecia, possibly through increased beta-catenin and anagen transition stimulation.