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This review found that insulin resistance is a significant independent factor in the development of various inflammatory skin diseases, often linked with obesity and metabolic disorders, and suggests measuring HOMA-IR in affected patients.

This review discusses the emerging associations between diet and various dermatologic conditions and reports no clinical results; it highlights the need for more rigorous studies on dietary interventions beyond acne.

The removal of the adrenal tumor improved the patient's symptoms and reduced androgen levels, indicating successful surgery.

This review details various skin manifestations linked to different endocrine disorders but does not report any new clinical results.

This chapter reviews various mucocutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders and provides illustrative images of these clinical features, but reports no new research findings.

This review discusses polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting its associations with hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries, and increased risks of infertility and metabolic disorders, and reports no new clinical results.

This study observed that hyperprolactinemia in women may be associated with skin and hair symptoms similar to those induced by androgens, suggesting hormone level evaluations in such cases.

This article discusses drugs with anti-androgenic effects and their mechanisms but reports no new research findings.

Acne is not a key diagnostic feature for PCOS, postadolescent men with acne may have insulin resistance, melanoma patients often have few moles, tumor size in CSCC indicates higher risk of serious outcomes, and hidradenitis suppurativa is linked to higher risk of heart problems and death.

This narrative review suggests that nutraceutical insulin-sensitizing agents like myo-inositol, alpha-lipoic acid, and vitamins may improve glycemic control and reduce inflammation in insulin resistance-related skin disorders; however, more robust long-term trials are needed to confirm these findings and establish treatment regimens.

In this study, polycystic ovary syndrome was the most prevalent cause of androgen excess, and suppressive hormonal therapy improved hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, and acne in most patients, though side effects were common.

This review discusses how ophthalmic findings can reveal key endocrine disorders and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the eye's role in diagnosing and managing systemic diseases like diabetes and Graves' ophthalmopathy.

This review outlines the challenges in diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women, focusing on its manifestations like hirsutism, acne, and virilization, but provides no new results.

This article outlines the clinical features, evaluation, and treatment strategies for androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting important diagnostic and management approaches but reporting no new research results.

This review discusses the clinical features and therapeutic goals for teenagers with PCOS, emphasizing the need for further research into its causes and potential long-term health risks, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found a high prevalence of clinical signs and functional disorders of androgen excess in premenopausal women, with idiopathic hyperandrogenism and idiopathic hirsutism rates similar to PCOS.

This review discusses the dermatologic manifestations of hyperandrogenism in women and outlines the diagnostic approach and treatment options, reporting no new clinical results.

This study discusses the use of oral contraceptives as a treatment for hyperandrogenism, showing improvement in hirsutism and acne for many women and possibly providing metabolic benefits with certain formulations.

This review discusses diagnostic and treatment considerations for women with cutaneous hyperandrogenism, noting therapeutic options are more effective for hirsutism and acne than for androgenetic alopecia, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses various cutaneous side effects potentially linked to oral contraceptive use but provides no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for more evidence in certain associations.

This review discusses the clinical use of anti-androgen medications and highlights emerging evidence supporting plant-derived anti-androgens like spearmint tea for managing PCOS, but reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights the potential for clinicians to recognize skin manifestations as a straightforward method to detect insulin resistance and improve management of diabetes and obesity.

This review discusses the evaluation, clinical presentation, and cutaneous manifestations of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, focusing on differential diagnosis challenges with polycystic ovary syndrome, and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the relationship between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS, focusing on insulin dynamics, molecular mechanisms, genetic studies, and potential long-term treatments, but presents no new clinical results.

This study reported that both drospirenone and chlormadinone acetate oral contraceptives had similar beneficial effects on clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome over six months.

This review examines the role of androgens in cutaneous disorders and the potential therapeutic effects of different oral contraceptives, noting variations in individual responses and the influence of genetic and local factors but reports no new clinical results.

This study identified polycystic ovarian syndrome as the most common cause of hirsutism among patients and found a positive correlation between hirsutism severity and free testosterone levels.

This review discusses the relationship between zinc deficiency and skin disorders, emphasizing zinc transporters' roles, but it reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight potential benefits of regulating zinc levels via transporters.

The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.

In this study of premenopausal Iranian women with hirsutism, polycystic ovary syndrome was a common cause and frequently associated with menstrual irregularity, while elevated androgens or hyperandrogenic conditions were also observed.