research Basics of Androgen Synthesis and Action
Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
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research Current Evaluation of Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.
research Current Evaluation of Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.
research Endocrine Abnormalities in Ring Chromosome 11: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Ring Chromosome 11 may be linked to conditions like early puberty, excessive hair growth, hair loss, and type 2 diabetes.
research Fertility Counseling and Preservation: Considerations for the Pediatric Endocrinologist
Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.
research The Diversity of Sex Development: What Conditions Affecting Sex Development Teach Us About Sexual Diversity
Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
research 46, XY 5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency in a 36-Year-Old Phenotypic Female Patient
A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
research Disorders of Sex Development
DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.
research Case Report: Disorder of Sex Development 46, XY with Proximal Hypospadias in a 10-Year-Old Twin Boy
A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
research Aromatase Deficiency in a Male Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.
research Unusual Presentation of Denys-Drash Syndrome in a Girl with Undisclosed Consumption of Biotin
A girl with Denys-Drash syndrome was misdiagnosed due to biotin affecting her hormone test results.
research Kennedy's Disease and Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Report of 4 Cases and Literature Review
The conclusion is that adult males with muscle weakness and hormonal imbalances should be tested for Kennedy's disease.
research Discriminating in Favor of or Against Men with Increased Risk of Finasteride-Related Side Effects?
Finasteride treats baldness but may cause lasting sexual side effects.
research Female Pattern Hair Loss: Beyond an Androgenic Aetiology?
Hair loss in women may have multiple causes, and eyebrow regrowth possible with specific injections.
research Reprogramming of Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Human hair follicle cells can be successfully transformed into different types of cells, but not more efficiently than other adult cells.
research Clinical Use of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors
Finasteride effectively treats hair loss and enlarged prostate in men, with mild side effects.
research The Role of Non-Aromatizable Testosterone Metabolite in Metabolic Pathways
Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.
research Ruxolitinib Found to Cause Eyelash Growth: A Case Report
Ruxolitinib treatment may cause eyelash growth.
research Challenges Associated With the Identification of Germline Variants on Myeloid Malignancy Genomic Profiling—A Singaporean Experience
Genomic profiling for myeloid cancers can find important inherited mutations, but it's challenging when these mutations aren't related to the patient's symptoms.
research Defects in Androgen Biosynthesis Causing 46,XY Disorders of Sexual Development
Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
research Clinical, Hormonal, Behavioral, and Genetic Characteristics of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome in a Brazilian Cohort: Five Novel Mutations in the Androgen Receptor Gene
Five new mutations in the androgen receptor gene were found, helping to understand androgen insensitivity syndrome better.
research Disorders in Male Sexual Differentiation Due to 5α-Reductase-2 Deficiency
5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
research Identification of Two Additional Novel Mutations in the AR Gene Associated with Severe Forms of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Two new mutations in the AR gene linked to severe androgen insensitivity were found.
research Longitudinal Clinical Course in Patients With 5α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency Treated With Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone During Infancy and Puberty
Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
research Finasteride-Induced Secondary Infertility Associated with Sperm DNA Damage
Finasteride use may cause sperm damage and infertility, stopping it can improve sperm health.
research Effects of Pre- and Post-Pubertal Dihydrotestosterone Treatment on Penile Length in 5α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency
Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
research Novel Missense Mutation in the P-Box of Androgen Receptor in a Patient with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.
research Androgen Therapy in Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
research The Effects of Estrogens on Linear Bone Growth
Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
research Hormone Therapy for Transgender Patients
Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.