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Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a rare inherited disease causing hormone imbalances, affecting growth, fertility, and heart health, diagnosed through blood tests and treated with medication and lifestyle changes.

The conclusion is that published guidelines are improving transgender medical care, but more research and education in transgender medicine are needed.

PFS and PSSD are similar conditions with persistent sexual dysfunction after stopping medication.

Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.

A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms, regulating periods, and reducing health risks, with specific medications for fertility and metabolic issues.

Female Pattern Hair Loss affects women's self-esteem and needs more research for better treatment.

Physical activity, height, and smoking affect prostate cancer risk.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

Vitiligo affects overall health and self-esteem, needing more research and awareness.

Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.

Some skin diseases may indicate a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and related health issues.

Female pattern hair loss greatly affects quality of life, especially in younger patients, those with the condition for a long time, and those with mental health issues. A more comprehensive treatment approach is suggested.

A complex X chromosome rearrangement can increase the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.

DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.

People with Down syndrome have higher rates of certain immune-related conditions and need special medical attention.

A new hair loss treatment uses tiny needles to deliver a drug-loaded lipid carrier, promoting hair growth more effectively than current treatments.

Animal models, especially mice, are essential for advancing hair loss research and treatment.