Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Prospective Observational Studies and Mendelian Randomization Analyses

    March 2024 in “ PLoS medicine ”
    Huanxian Cui, Wenqiang Zhang, Li Yue Zhang, Qing Yang, Zhengxing Xu, Zhixin Tan, Peijing Yan, Mingshuang Tang, Chao Yang, Yutong Wang, Lin Cai, Cang Song Xiao, Yanqiu Zou, Yunjie Liu, Ling Zhang, Yanfang Yang, Yuqin Yao, Jiayuan Li, Zhenmi Liu, Chunxia Yang, Xia Jiang, Ben Zhang
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    TLDR Physical activity, height, and smoking affect prostate cancer risk.
    This study aimed to identify and evaluate factors modifying the risk of prostate cancer through meta-analyses of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. A total of 92 meta-analyses and 64 MR studies were included, categorizing 123 observational and 145 causal associations into various factors such as lifestyle, diet, and clinical variables. Significant associations were graded, revealing 5 highly suggestive, 36 suggestive, and 4 weak associations in meta-analyses, and 10 robust, 24 probable, 4 suggestive, and 17 insufficient causal associations in MR studies. Consistent significant effects were found for physical activity, height, and smoking. However, no robust associations were identified, highlighting the need for expanded evidence grading criteria.
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