146 citations
,
December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” This review discusses the creation of transgender-specific guidelines by WPATH and the Endocrine Society, based mostly on clinical experience, and reports no new results.
138 citations
,
May 2000 in “Maturitas” This review discusses the effects of estrogen on skin and reports no new clinical results; it highlights estrogen's potential benefits on skin thickness, collagen quality, and hair follicle life cycle.
57 citations
,
December 2018 in “JAMA Surgery” This systematic review suggests that current evidence does not support routinely discontinuing gender-affirming hormone treatments before surgery, especially testosterone and spironolactone, due to limited data on related perioperative risks.
42 citations
,
July 2010 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” This study found that thyroid hormones T3 and T4 enhance keratin 15 promoter activity and stimulate CD200 expression in epithelial stem cells from human scalp hair follicles, affecting their growth and differentiation.
37 citations
,
January 1975 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology” This study found that thyroxine increased hair growth rate in rats, but estradiol decreased it, with both hormones affecting follicular cycles independently without altering ultimate hair length.