Selective Inhibition of Glucuronidation and Sulfation In Vitro and In Vivo

This study reported that the expression of sulfotransferase enzymes in hair follicles remained stable during treatment with topical minoxidil, indicating consistent metabolic activity throughout the treatment period.

In this study of Indian patients with pattern hair loss, 40.8% showed low sulfotransferase enzyme activity in hair follicles, with a higher prevalence of low activity in men compared to women.

This study found that at least four different human sulfotransferase activities contribute to the sulfation of minoxidil, complicating predictions of individual responses based on ST levels.

This study found that human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (DHEA ST) catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of minoxidil, indicating another pathway contributing to its metabolism in humans.

In this study, researchers found that both thermolabile and thermostable forms of phenol sulfotransferase contribute to the sulfation of minoxidil, emphasizing the need to consider both enzymes in assessing sulfation in human tissues.

Human platelets change minoxidil to minoxidil sulfate, helping blood vessels widen.