The Role of Schwann Cell-Macrophage Interactions in Keloid Pathogenesis

The study investigates the interaction between Schwann cells and M2 macrophages in keloid pathogenesis using a 3D in vitro model. Keloid-derived cells showed increased ECM production and collagen alignment compared to healthy skin cells. While Schwann cells had minimal impact on macrophages, macrophages significantly influenced Schwann cell gene expression. M1 macrophages induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype in Schwann cells, whereas M2 macrophages increased ECM component expression and TGFβ signaling factors. This model effectively replicates in vivo keloid changes, highlighting the role of Schwann cell-M2 macrophage interactions in excessive matrix deposition and keloid growth, offering a platform for studying pathology and potential therapies.