Pharmacotherapy of Alopecia Areata

    January 2026 in “ Forum Dermatologicum ”
    Aleksandra Gwóźdź, Anna Komorowska, Rafał Czajkowski
    Image of study
    TLDR JAK inhibitors and combination therapies show promise for treating severe alopecia areata.
    Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder causing localized hair loss, with CD8 + T cells implicated in its etiology. Corticosteroids are effective for mild to moderate cases, but severe forms like alopecia universalis are challenging to treat. JAK inhibitors, such as baricitinib, ritlecitinib, upadacitinib, and tofacitinib, show promise in promoting hair regrowth. Methotrexate and cyclosporine are effective, particularly in combination therapies, while minoxidil offers additional benefits. Tacrolimus needs further investigation. Understanding the mechanisms and effectiveness of these treatments is essential for improving outcomes and quality of life for those with AA.
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