Mechanisms of Magnesium Oxide-Incorporated Electrospun Membrane Modulating Inflammation and Accelerating Wound Healing

The research paper investigates the mechanisms of magnesium oxide (MgO)-incorporated electrospun membranes in wound healing. The study found that these membranes have good flexibility, improved water vapor transmission rates, and sustained Mg2+ release in a simulated model of wounds. They modulate macrophage phenotype to downregulate inflammatory response, creating a favorable microenvironment for wound healing. Specifically, they stimulate macrophages to shift to a pro-healing M2 phenotype and regulate cytokine production. The membranes also boost the proliferation of fibroblasts and upregulate collagen production, promoting granulation tissue formation and wound closure. They further promote angiogenesis and rapid epithelialization of regenerated skin tissue. Importantly, the membranes reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α), promoting hair follicle regeneration. The findings suggest that MgO-incorporated membranes inhibit bacterial infection, alleviate inflammation, facilitate extracellular matrix production and epithelialization, and potentiate hair follicle regeneration.