Whole-Genome Resequencing to Investigate the Genetic Diversity and the Molecular Basis Underlying Key Economic Traits in Indigenous Sheep Breeds Adapted to Hypoxic Environments

This study utilized whole-genome resequencing to analyze seven Tibetan sheep breeds, revealing their genetic structure and diversity, which are crucial for adaptation to high-altitude environments. The research identified genes related to hypoxia adaptation (e.g., DOCK8, IGF1R) and wool color (e.g., TCF25, MITF). Additionally, GWAS highlighted candidate genes for body size traits and pathways like cGMP-PKG and Hedgehog signaling. Key wool trait genes were identified, including WNT16 and PRKCA, with HOX transcription factors playing a role in hair follicle development. These findings provide a genetic foundation for breeding strategies to enhance wool quality and adaptive traits in Tibetan sheep.