Mechanistic Perspectives on the Dermatologic Potential of Topical Metformin: A Scoping Review

This scoping review evaluates the dermatological potential of topical metformin, traditionally used for diabetes, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-photoaging, and wound-healing properties. Analyzing 19 studies from 2014 to 2024, the review highlights metformin's ability to inhibit melanogenesis, promote collagen synthesis, and exert anti-photoaging effects, showing promise in treating conditions like melasma, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and alopecia with minimal side effects. Advanced delivery systems enhance its efficacy. Metformin's mechanisms include downregulating pigmentation-related proteins, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting wound healing through AMPK and NF-κB pathways. Despite promising results, further clinical trials are needed to confirm long-term safety and optimal usage.