A dynamically crosslinked, self-adapting, injectable gelatin–chondroitin sulfate hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for treatment of deep and irregular wounds

The study introduces a multifunctional, self-adapting injectable hydrogel made from gelatin and chondroitin sulfate, enhanced with borate-crosslinked tannic acid and silver nanoparticles, designed to treat chronic, deep, and irregularly shaped wounds. This hydrogel addresses issues such as bacterial infection and oxidative stress, which traditional dressings fail to manage. It exhibits self-healing, adhesiveness, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, with sustained release of active components. In vitro tests show excellent cytocompatibility, while in vivo studies confirm its effectiveness in accelerating wound healing, promoting fibroblast generation, neovascularization, and hair follicle development, without significant systemic toxicity. This hydrogel is a promising solution for complex wound treatment.