Progress in Gelatin as Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering

The review discussed the progress and challenges in using gelatin as a biomaterial for tissue engineering, emphasizing its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Advances in 3D and 4D bioprinting improved the practicality of gelatin-based systems, enhancing their potential for clinical applications, particularly in disease detection and diagnosis. Innovations included the use of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and nanocomposites to improve mechanical properties and conductivity, aiding in tissue regeneration. Gelatin was also explored in drug delivery systems and as a theranostic agent for cancer treatment. Despite challenges like poor mechanical stability and crosslinking needs, gelatin remained a promising candidate for future therapeutic and diagnostic innovations.