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The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Finasteride reduces alcohol withdrawal severity and anxiety in mice, but may increase withdrawal severity in some cases.

Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.

Scalp skin barrier affects hair loss; personalized treatments needed.

Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.

Androgens significantly affect female hair loss, and hormonal treatments may help.

Stress and emotional factors can worsen skin conditions by affecting the immune system.

Melatonin treatment increases a specific RNA in goat cells that boosts cashmere growth.

The proteins transthyretin and megalin are more present in the growth phase of hair, suggesting they might affect hair health and growth.

Sex hormones affect brain injury differently in males and females.

Male hormones worsen kidney transplant damage, but blocking them helps.

Low-dose isotretinoin combined with pulsed azithromycin cleared acne in most patients, with mild side effects.

UV light might cause excessive hair growth by increasing PGE2 in the skin.

WNT10A helps esophageal cancer cells spread and keep renewing themselves.

The document suggests that blocking sweat glands with antiperspirants might allow skin-generated hormones to be absorbed, possibly increasing breast and prostate cancer risk.

PSA levels could help detect illegal steroid use in female athletes but face challenges like cost and PCOS prevalence.

Surgical hair restoration has improved since 1959, with new techniques like minigrafts, micrografts, and scalp reductions creating more natural hairlines and reducing bald skin, despite some risks and potential for scarring.

Disrupting natural body clocks increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

In 2002, various drugs caused serious side effects, including vitamin B12 deficiency, heart issues, blindness, hypersexuality, allergic reactions, blood clotting problems, pupil dilation, capillary leak syndrome, muscle breakdown, hepatitis, skin reactions, and lupus.

PRP treatment helps hair growth and reduces hair loss in women, but more research needed.

Treating sleep apnea in young obese women with PCOS can improve heart health and insulin sensitivity.

Animal models have helped understand hair loss from alopecia areata and find new treatments.

Santolina chamaecyparissus oil effectively fights fungal infections.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Androgens slow hair growth by altering Wnt signaling in balding cells.

The transscrotal testosterone patch normalizes hormone levels in men with AIDS and weight loss but does not improve weight, body mass, or quality of life.

Lowest effective minoxidil concentration is 1%, but 2% works better for male pattern baldness.

Minoxidil 2% effectively treats female hair loss, promoting growth and density.

Women with only irregular periods or excess hair have a better hormone profile than those with full PCOS, but both groups are similar, indicating a need for better PCOS diagnosis methods.

AGA more common in men, increases with age, linked to family history, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking.