December 2024 in “European Journal of Dermatology” This review reports that transgender patients undergoing hormone therapy may experience acne differently, necessitating tailored treatments that take into account skin dryness and the potential need for maintenance topical treatments.
24 citations
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March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This article addresses the complexity of treating acne in female-to-male transgender adolescents undergoing testosterone therapy, highlighting concerns about co-administered treatments and their potential risks.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that transgender patients on masculinizing hormone therapy had a higher likelihood of developing acne compared to cisgender women, and were more likely to experience AGA compared to cisgender women.
57 citations
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August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of acne in transgender men on testosterone therapy and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for tailored guidelines.
June 2026 in “Dermatology and Skin Science” This study highlights that acne is a common issue for transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy, with management generally following similar guidelines as for cisgender individuals.
2 citations
,
July 2024 in “International Journal of Transgender Health” This study reviewed literature on dermatological changes in transgender and gender diverse individuals during gender affirming medical transition, identifying risks like acne and hypertrophic scars, and provided tailored care recommendations for health professionals.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” This study found that gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender men increased acne and male pattern hair loss, while in transgender women, it led to melasma and female pattern hair loss.
April 2025 in “Current Pediatrics Reports” Transgender and gender-diverse teens need specialized skin and mental health care.
July 2024 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study describes the creation and two-year experience of a pioneering dermatological practice exclusively serving transgender and non-binary patients to address their unique dermatological concerns and promote healthcare equity, based on a retrospective analysis of 114 patients at a public hospital.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that transgender men using testosterone therapy had higher rates of acne and increased body hair growth, resembling male patterns more closely than those not on testosterone.
November 2023 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” This review highlights the dermatological needs of transgender and gender diverse individuals in Australia, emphasizing the role of dermatologists in managing skin and hair conditions related to gender affirmation and hormone therapy.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” This review discusses the effects of testosterone therapy for transgender men, noting desired outcomes and potential risks, but reports no new research findings; the authors highlight a lack of high-quality data due to various study limitations.
21 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” This review discusses skin diseases in transgender patients receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy and procedures, highlighting unique conditions and the underdiagnosis that affects their quality of life and mental health.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” This study systematically reviewed dermatological conditions affecting transgender and gender-diverse individuals, highlighting that testosterone therapy can induce acne in 25–88% of transgender men and alopecia after over two years, while dermatologic care must consider both medical and social complexities.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” This review discusses lesser-known concerns in transgender dermatology, including neovaginal issues, neoplastic and autoimmune conditions, and the effects of unapproved injectable substances, but reports no new clinical findings.
10 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This review discusses the dermatologic issues faced by transgender patients, including impacts of hormonal therapy on skin, but reports no new clinical findings.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study indicates that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may encounter skin issues like acne and hair thinning, which can be addressed with a collaborative approach involving both dermatologists and endocrinologists.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may experience skin changes such as acne and androgenic hair loss, which can be managed with a collaborative approach involving both dermatologists and endocrinologists.
April 2024 in “Pediatric dermatology” This study found that dermatologic concerns such as acne, androgenic alopecia, and eczema are prevalent among transgender and gender-diverse youth at Boston Children's Hospital, with acne notably linked to testosterone use, but noted low dermatology referral rates.
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This review discusses dermatologic issues specific to transgender patients undergoing hormonal therapy and offers guidance for dermatology providers, but does not report new clinical results.
26 citations
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” This review describes current medical and surgical treatments for transgender men, highlighting the effectiveness and general tolerability of hormone treatment, and suggesting that surgical benefits often surpass associated risks, although it reports no new clinical findings.
11 citations
,
November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” In this study, gender-affirming hormonal treatment was associated with increased hair growth, acne, and alopecia prevalence in transgender individuals assigned female at birth, while opposite dermatological changes were observed in those assigned male at birth.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” This article discusses the dermatologic impacts of gender-affirming medical care in transgender adolescents and emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care to improve dermatologic and overall outcomes; it reports no new clinical results.
47 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article reviews the unique health issues and preventive care recommendations for LGBT individuals, emphasizing dermatologic considerations and the importance of culturally competent care, but reports no new clinical findings.
August 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This article highlights that in Australia, transgender and gender-diverse patients experience specific dermatological challenges during gender-affirming treatments, such as acne and patterned hair loss. It emphasizes the need for tailored dermatological care and guidance for these patients.
January 2025 in “ARC Journal of Dermatology” This study discusses the importance of careful dermatological care for transgender youth receiving hormonal therapies, cautioning that acne treatments can interfere with hormone replacement therapy and emphasizing the need for a collaborative interdisciplinary approach to support both acne management and overall well-being.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” This study observed that testosterone therapy in transgender men enhances both physical and mental health, is safe in the short and middle term with proper follow-up, and highlights the need for endocrinologists to provide gender-affirming care despite its limited presence in medical education.
December 2023 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study observed that among transgender adults undergoing hormone therapy, common skin issues were acne, androgenetic alopecia, and other conditions, highlighting the need for dermatologists in their care; this is noted as the first Colombian and Latin American study on this topic.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this study, transgender adolescents treated with testosterone for a median of 12 months experienced effective virilization, including voice deepening and increased hair growth, but also showed decreased HDL cholesterol and BMD z-scores, and increased hematocrit, with no short-term safety issues reported.
129 citations
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January 1977 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Cyproterone Acetate effectively treats androgen-related conditions and is used in prostate cancer therapy and hormone therapy for transgender women.