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This study found that in vitro heat straightening of hair reduced THC and cocaine concentrations but increased CBN and BZE levels, suggesting heat conversion of these substances.

This review discusses the historical development of hair straightening products for Afro-ethnic hair and reports no new research findings.

This chapter discusses the chemical changes and possible heat-induced hair damage from thermal straightening, as well as controversies surrounding the safety of keratin straightening treatments, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that chemically treated hair, particularly when subjected to both acid straightening and bleaching, experiences more significant structural damage when exposed to heat, highlighting key changes in both the internal and surface components of hair fibers.

Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.

This chapter reviews the anatomy and structure of hair, discusses hair damage and analyses, and explores methods for processing hair changes, but presents no new research findings.

This study found that excessive heat caused the most significant structural changes in hair from Caucasian and Afro samples, especially when combined with other treatments like bleaching and straightening.

This study found that controlled thermal straightening can achieve irreversible smoothing of curly hair without chemicals, with effectiveness dependent on temperature and cycles, and silicone enhancing straightening quality.

This study found that thermal hair-straightening devices significantly damaged the cuticle and cortex of virgin Asian and Caucasian hair, with Asian hair experiencing more protein loss than Caucasian hair.

This study found that thermal hair straightening in Asian women was associated with various signs of scalp and hair damage, including CCCA-like hair loss.

In this study, BTP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were developed and shown to protect hair from heat-induced damage by enhancing cuticle integrity and thermal resistance in simulated thermal straightening conditions.

This review examines the science and technology behind temporary and permanent hair straightening, discussing the processes, potential advancements, and considerations for reducing adverse effects, but does not report new research findings.

This review discusses hair straightening techniques, products, and safety risks, providing guidance for dermatologists to advise patients effectively; it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that pretreatment with KP-Cryst fusion proteins effectively protected Asian and Caucasian virgin hair from thermal damage by maintaining higher water content and preventing structural changes during heat application.

This study examined the thermal conductivity of human hair using the Modified Transient Plane Source method, highlighting how frequent thermal, mechanical, and chemical treatments can damage hair by weakening its structure, particularly through changes in keratin that reduce elasticity.

In this study, researchers used the Modified Transient Plane Source method to measure the thermal conductivity of human hair, highlighting that common heat treatments can damage hair structure by altering its protein composition, emphasizing the importance of understanding thermal properties to mitigate such damage.

This study tested the effects of protective pre-treatments on African hair and found that these treatments, combined with moderate grooming, may help maintain cuticle integrity.

This study found that selected polymeric pretreatments on hair can significantly reduce breakage and protect against thermal damage from hot flat irons by maintaining cuticle integrity and moisture.

This study found that keratin-based particles were able to recover and enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of virgin and overbleached Asian hair, improving its strength and smoothness by around 40%, and demonstrated safety in human skin keratinocytes.

In this study, incorporating a novel amino acid compound into a hair-straightening formulation improved humidity-resistant straightening and enhanced the surface and mechanical properties of hair fibers, including increased bending stiffness, reduced friction, and better shape retention under high temperature and humidity conditions.

Hair damage shows as fragility, dullness, and discoloration, varies by ethnicity, and is worsened by cosmetic procedures and diseases.

This chapter reviews hair anatomy, hair shaft structure, and various cosmetic treatments that can alter or damage hair, but it presents no new research findings.

This review examines hair cosmetics, including shampoos and conditioners, for their formulations and effects, but reports no new clinical findings; it emphasizes the importance of dermatologist knowledge in treating diverse hair conditions.

In this study, 95% of respondents reported severe hair breakage or loss after using the Rio Hair Naturalizer System, with many experiencing significant and lasting hair loss.

This article reviews innovations in hair cosmetics, focusing on esthetic procedures and products in the Indian market, and reports no new experimental findings.

This review discusses in vitro methods for evaluating the effects of hair care products on hair fibers, reporting no new results; the authors emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate and accurate equipment for testing.

This review discusses the impact of various external factors like cosmetics, traction, and radiation on hair health and color, but reports no new findings.

This review discusses the regulations and clinical safety aspects of hair care cosmetics, highlighting the FDA's recommendation to evaluate these products for allergic reactions, avoid contamination, and include antimicrobial agents to ensure consumer safety, with ongoing monitoring through consumer feedback.

In this study, the researchers identified traumatic styling practices, such as frequent hair straightening, as a dominant cause of alopecia among women aged 15 to 45 in a dermatology setting, noting that rural women also experienced inflammatory alopecia linked to different etiologies.

This study developed a novel hair-straightening shampoo incorporating a polyphenol–inorganic sulfate redox agent, finding that it effectively straightens hair while enhancing strength and reducing damage due to its protective polyphenol coating.