March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.
April 2023 in “American Journal of Transplantation” Hormone replacement therapy may lower the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-immunosuppressed people and male organ transplant recipients.
42 citations,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
31 citations,
September 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women, but its long-term safety is unknown.
50 citations,
May 2018 in “International journal of cardiology” Testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, but its exact role is unclear.
15 citations,
January 2009 in “International Journal of Andrology” Liquorice may reduce testosterone and affect male reproductive organs, potentially helping treat conditions like prostate cancer.
5 citations,
April 2021 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Higher DHT levels are linked to fewer hypogonadism symptoms in men with normal testosterone levels.
1 citations,
September 2023 in “AACE clinical case reports” Testosterone pellets might work for transgender men's hormone therapy, but more research is needed.
1 citations,
July 2015 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.
282 citations,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
251 citations,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
66 citations,
March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Removing a testosterone-producing tumor cured a woman's sleep apnea and other symptoms.
45 citations,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
29 citations,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone may influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes.
29 citations,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
28 citations,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.
23 citations,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
17 citations,
August 2019 in “Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases” Low testosterone in men is a risk factor for a specific heart rhythm issue, and testosterone treatment may help prevent it.
16 citations,
October 2007 in “Andrologia” DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.
12 citations,
October 2018 in “Aging male/The aging male” Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.
12 citations,
September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Testosterone significantly affects sexual desire in both men and women, but its impact on women is more complex and influenced by psychological factors.
5 citations,
December 2021 in “Physiological Research” Men, particularly those with hair loss, are more likely to get the virus, and those with prostate cancer may have milder symptoms. Testosterone's role in the disease is unclear, and the virus doesn't seem to harm male fertility. Women with PCOS might be at higher risk. More research is needed.
2 citations,
September 2020 Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
April 2022 in “International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine” People with lower levels of free testosterone tend to have worse COVID-19 outcomes.
31 citations,
January 2001 in “PubMed” 2 citations,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Early surgery reduces seizure risk in drug-resistant epilepsy; testosterone to DHT conversion doesn't affect muscle anabolism; veterans with PTSD likely to have riskier opioid use; bevacizumab helps in hereditary bleeding disorder.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
35 citations,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
19 citations,
May 2020 in “American journal of men's health” Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.