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GlossaryT helper 1 cells

specialized immune cells that produce cytokines to fight infections

T helper 1 cells, often abbreviated as Th1 cells, are a subset of T cells that play a crucial role in the immune system by producing cytokines like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). These cytokines help activate macrophages and are essential for defending against intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria. Th1 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by promoting inflammation.

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Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCRβ-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease

research Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCRβ-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease

30 citations , July 2019 in “PloS one”

Patients with Alopecia areata have fewer specific immune cells that normally regulate the immune system, which may contribute to the condition.

$Lichen planus – A refractory autoimmune disorder$

research Lichen planus – A refractory autoimmune disorder

April 2023 in “IP Indian journal of clinical and experimental dermatology”

Lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune disease that is hard to treat and more common in women.

Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19): A scoping review

research Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19): A scoping review

11 citations , May 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology”

Men are more likely to have severe respiratory viral infections like COVID-19 due to hormonal and genetic differences, while women generally have stronger immune responses.

research Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Nature and Niche Nurture

2 citations , May 2021 in “Bioengineering”

Blood stem cells are diverse, influenced by many factors, and understanding them is key for progress in regenerative medicine.

research Pathophysiology of the Behçet's Disease

34 citations , October 2012 in “Pathology Research International”

Behçet's Disease may be caused by genetic and environmental factors leading to abnormal immune responses, and stress management and new treatments could improve patient outcomes.

research Treatment of alopecia totalis/universalis/focalis with vitamin D and analogs: Three case reports and a literature review

3 citations , November 2021 in “World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics”

Vitamin D might help treat some types of hair loss, but more research is needed.

research Adipose-derived stem cells applied in skin diseases, wound healing and skin defects: a review

2 citations , February 2023 in “Cytotherapy”

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for treating skin issues and improving wound healing, but more research is needed to confirm the best way to use them.

research Anticytokine therapy, particularly anti-IFN-γ, in Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases

9 citations , May 2005 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology”

Blocking interferon-gamma might help treat various autoimmune diseases.

research Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes: Sentinels of the Mucosal Barrier

181 citations , April 2018 in “Trends in immunology”

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes are crucial for gut immunity and maintaining the mucosal barrier.

research Off-label uses of retinoids in dermatology

6 citations , September 2012 in “Our Dermatology Online”

Retinoids are effective for various skin conditions and hair loss but have serious side effects, so low doses are recommended.

Analysis of hidradenitis suppurativa–linked mutations in four genes and the effects of PSEN1-P242LfsX11 on cytokine and chemokine expression in macrophages

research Analysis of hidradenitis suppurativa–linked mutations in four genes and the effects of PSEN1-P242LfsX11 on cytokine and chemokine expression in macrophages

25 citations , December 2018 in “Human Molecular Genetics”

The document concludes that certain mutations may contribute to the inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa and suggests that targeting TNFα could be a treatment strategy.

ADM Scaffolds Generate a Pro-regenerative Microenvironment During Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing Through M2 Macrophage Polarization via Lamtor1

research ADM Scaffolds Generate a Pro-regenerative Microenvironment During Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing Through M2 Macrophage Polarization via Lamtor1

17 citations , June 2018 in “Frontiers in Physiology”

ADM scaffolds help skin heal by promoting a healing-type immune response.

The evaluation of IL-4 intron 3 VNTR and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with Alopecia Areata: a case-control study

research The evaluation of IL-4 intron 3 VNTR and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with Alopecia Areata: a case-control study

December 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

These specific gene polymorphisms are not linked to Alopecia Areata in Egyptians.

Alemtuzumab-Induced Secondary Autoimmune Skin Disorders as Side Effects of Multiple Sclerosis Therapy: Problem That Can Be Influenced or Fate? A Narrative Overview of The Literature A Neuroprotective Role of Vitamin D?

research Alemtuzumab-Induced Secondary Autoimmune Skin Disorders as Side Effects of Multiple Sclerosis Therapy: Problem That Can Be Influenced or Fate? A Narrative Overview of The Literature A Neuroprotective Role of Vitamin D?

January 2022 in “Medical research archives”

Taking vitamin D might improve life for MS patients and reduce skin side effects from alemtuzumab treatment.

research Deficient and/or insufficient serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D in patients with alopecia areata: is it a fact or a fiction?

January 2019 in “Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology /Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology”

Low vitamin D levels might indicate more severe hair loss in alopecia areata patients.

research SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in androgen sensitive phenotypes – A study on associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its adverse effects among androgenetic alopecia and benign prostate hyperplasia patients

September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

research The Role of Topical Vitamin D in Vitiligo: A Narrative Literature Review

2 citations , September 2022 in “Bioscientia medicina”

Topical vitamin D is effective in treating vitiligo with few side effects.

research Janus Kinase Inhibitors against Other Biological Treatments in Alopecia Areata

6 citations , April 2016 in “Scandinavian journal of immunology”

Janus kinase inhibitors show promise in treating alopecia areata but need more safety research.

Unilateral widespread lichen planus following Blaschko's lines after<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>infection

research Unilateral widespread lichen planus following Blaschko's lines afterMycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection

1 citations , September 2013 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

An 8-year-old girl developed a rare skin condition in a linear pattern on one side of her body after a lung infection, which improved with treatment.

research Identification of Distinct Immune Signatures and Chemokine Networks in Scalp Inflammatory Diseases

June 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Different immune responses cause hair loss in scalp diseases, with unique patterns in scalp psoriasis possibly protecting against hair loss.

research Erythroid Differentiation Regulator 1 as a Novel Biomarker for Hair Loss Disorders

2 citations , February 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Erdr1 could be a new marker for diagnosing hair loss.

research An overview of JAK/STAT pathways and JAK inhibition in alopecia areata

40 citations , August 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Blocking JAK/STAT pathways can help treat hair loss from alopecia areata.

research Dermatology and Pregnancy

2 citations , May 2017 in “Springer eBooks”

Pregnancy can cause skin changes and affect existing skin conditions, with limited treatment options due to the need for fetal safety.

research The emerging role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases

70 citations , March 2021 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising drugs for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

research Regenerative potential and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (review)

November 2023 in “Klìtinna ta organna transplantologìâ”

MSC-derived exosomes can help treat COVID-19, hair loss, skin aging, and arthritis.

research The Human Hair Follicle: A Reservoir of CD40+ B7-Deficient Langerhans Cells that Repopulate Epidermis After UVB Exposure

99 citations , April 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair follicles help skin immune recovery after UVB exposure.

research Dermal White Adipose Tissue: A Newly Recognized Layer of Skin Innate Defense

49 citations , May 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Skin fat plays a key role in immune defense and healing beyond just storing energy.

research Genetics of Diabetes in Childhood

January 2003 in “Springer eBooks”

Certain genes are linked to type 1 and type 2 diabetes in kids, and changes in these genes can also cause other diabetes-related conditions.

การศึกษาแบบสุ่มแบ่งครึ่งข้างเพื่อเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพการฉีดโบทูลินัมทอกซินชนิดเอกับ 0.9% โซเดียมคลอไรด์ในผื่นสะเก็ดเงินบนศีรษะ

research การศึกษาแบบสุ่มแบ่งครึ่งข้างเพื่อเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพการฉีดโบทูลินัมทอกซินชนิดเอกับ 0.9% โซเดียมคลอไรด์ในผื่นสะเก็ดเงินบนศีรษะ

September 2023

Botulinum toxin type A significantly reduces scalp psoriasis severity compared to placebo.

research Therapeutic Values of Exosomes in Cosmetics, Skin Care, Tissue Regeneration, and Dermatological Diseases

6 citations , April 2023 in “Cosmetics”

Exosomes could be effective for improving skin health and treating skin diseases.