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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

The conclusion is that using drugs to block the TOR pathway might slow aging and prevent age-related diseases.

Wnt signaling is crucial for pigmented hair regeneration by controlling stem cell activation and differentiation.

The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.

The conclusion is that proper signaling is crucial for hair growth and development, and errors can lead to cancer or hair loss.

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Targeted cancer therapies often cause serious skin problems that need careful management.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Epigenetic changes control how adult stem cells work and can lead to diseases like cancer if they go wrong.

Jumonji genes are important for development and their mutations can cause abnormalities, especially in the heart and brain.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Stem cell self-renewal is complex and needs more research for full understanding.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.

K_ATP channel gene mutations are linked to heart diseases, but more research is needed to understand the connection and treatment potential.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Some viruses can cause cancer by changing cell processes and avoiding the immune system; vaccines and targeted treatments help reduce these cancers.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

Stem cell plasticity is crucial for wound healing but can also contribute to cancer development.