343 citations,
December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
251 citations,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
222 citations,
October 2014 in “Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology” Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.
218 citations,
January 2012 in “Advances in Urology” The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.
215 citations,
November 2006 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Dutasteride more effective for hair growth, but has more side effects than finasteride.
187 citations,
January 1994 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.
166 citations,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
162 citations,
April 2017 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
149 citations,
June 2002 in “Veterinary record/The veterinary record” Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.
130 citations,
October 2006 in “Allergy” Allergic reactions to blood thinners are rare but can be serious, requiring careful testing and alternative treatments.
125 citations,
January 1999 in “Drugs” Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.
122 citations,
July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
118 citations,
May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
116 citations,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
99 citations,
April 2005 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Finasteride effectively treats hidradenitis suppurativa for most patients.
90 citations,
October 1998 in “Animal Reproduction Science” Mouflon rams mature gradually with changes in body, horns, and hormones linked to age and seasons, reaching full sexual maturity well after puberty.
86 citations,
May 2013 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.
86 citations,
March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
82 citations,
September 2018 in “Nature Communications” A certain smell receptor in hair follicles can affect hair growth when activated by a synthetic sandalwood scent.
81 citations,
June 2014 in “American Journal of Men's Health” Finasteride can cause lasting sexual, emotional, and cognitive issues, with varying severity.
77 citations,
February 2017 in “Stem Cell Reports” SHISA6 helps maintain certain stem cells in mouse testes by blocking signals that would otherwise cause them to differentiate.
76 citations,
January 2017 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” Fat tissue cells are a promising option for healing various diseases, but more research is needed to ensure they are safe and effective.
75 citations,
November 2009 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Myo-inositol may be more effective than metformin for inducing ovulation in women with PCOS.
74 citations,
January 2006 in “Endocrine journal” Low-dose gonadotropin treatment is effective for infertility in women with PCOS, leading to high ovulation rates and comparable pregnancy rates with fewer complications.
70 citations,
March 2016 in “Urologic Clinics of North America” The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.
70 citations,
April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
69 citations,
February 1983 in “Gut” Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.
65 citations,
March 2016 in “Lasers in Medical Science” Most low-level light therapy studies did not accurately report how light was measured, affecting treatment reliability.
64 citations,
January 1998 in “Drugs” Dienogest combined with ethinylestradiol is a highly effective birth control that improves menstrual symptoms and has manageable side effects.
62 citations,
March 2013 in “JAMA Dermatology” Finasteride reduces Hidradenitis Suppurativa flare-ups in children and teens, but long-term safety is unknown.