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Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

The secretions of mesenchymal stem cells could be used for healing without using the cells themselves.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

Anticancer drugs are increasingly found in surface waters, and their long-term environmental effects are not well understood, requiring better testing methods.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.

Isotretinoin is highly effective in treating severe acne, rosacea, and gram-negative folliculitis.

Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.

Memory T cells in the skin balance staying put and moving into the blood, clustering around hair follicles, and increasing in number after infection.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Hair follicles are hormone-sensitive and involved in growth and other functions, with potential for new treatments, but more research is needed.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Female Pattern Hair Loss affects women's self-esteem and needs more research for better treatment.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

DHEA stimulates skin oil glands and could help postmenopausal women, with potential for acne and excessive hair growth treatments.

Follistatin helps hair growth and cycling, while activin prevents it.

The circadian clock influences the behavior and regeneration of stem cells in the body.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Acne is a chronic disease linked to various systemic conditions and has significant psychological and social effects.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual side effects like erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual desire, sometimes lasting after stopping the drug.

Cancer can hijack the body's cell repair system to promote tumor growth, and targeting this process may improve cancer treatments.

Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.

Red ginseng may improve immunity, fatigue, memory, blood circulation, and menopausal symptoms, and is generally safe to consume.

Women with excess body hair feel psychological distress influenced by societal beauty standards, but distress isn't directly linked to the amount of hair.

Certain fungi and bacteria help orchid seeds germinate and plants grow better.