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Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.

This report describes five patients who experienced hair loss with discomfort and scarring after undergoing salon hair relaxer treatments, regardless of whether 'lye' or 'no lye' products were used.

This study found that the pH levels of relaxers tested were corrosive to the skin and may contribute to alopecia in females with afro-textured hair.

This review discusses the potential risks and effects of chemical relaxers on hair and scalp health, reporting no new clinical results; the authors emphasize dermatologist guidance to mitigate these issues.

This study investigated the effects of different relaxer treatments on African-American hair, finding lab-made relaxer solutions caused less damage to hair topography than commercial systems.

This study demonstrated that hair relaxers containing common chemicals significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in human skin cells, suggesting potential toxicity that could be assessed with advanced in vitro technologies rather than animal testing.

This study found a significant decline in serum zinc levels among women of African descent using hair relaxers and experiencing alopecia, with age at first exposure potentially influencing alopecia development.

This study found no evidence of subtype-specific breast cancer risk associated with hair relaxer use among women in Ghana, though the risk was elevated for former users across all subtypes.

Lye relaxers don't significantly change hair cortisol levels.

In this study, researchers analyzed data showing that Black women became the racial group with the highest incidence of endometrial cancer starting in 2017, associating frequent use of chemical hair relaxers with an increased risk of this cancer.

In this study, continuous use of chemical hair relaxers and curlers was associated with adverse effects such as hair fall, thinning, and scalp irritation in patients with telogen effluvium.

Polymethylene wax in hair relaxers makes hair smooth and shiny with less damage.

Caffeine may protect hair follicles from stress-related hair loss.

This study reviewed existing research on the potential link between chemical hair relaxers and uterine cancer, highlighting the scarcity of epidemiological studies and stressing the importance of understanding straightening methods in communities of color.

This study observed significant differences in hair care practices and biologic hair parameters between Caucasian and African American women, which may contribute to varying hair fragility and growth.

This study found that hydrolyzed wheat proteins extensively penetrated both untreated and chemically treated hair, primarily occupying areas like the endocuticle and cortex.

This study found that the primary mechanism behind hair relaxation in Afro-hair is the alkali-induced denaturation of helical filaments, leading to spontaneous straightening.

Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and treatment of nonscarring alopecias can improve quality of life and hair regrowth is possible as the hair follicle remains intact.

Title change to "Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)"; common in African American women; hair-grooming methods may contribute; no effective therapy found; trials needed.

This study found that hair products used by Black women and children in the U.S. contain multiple chemicals associated with endocrine disruption and asthma, highlighting potential exposure disparities and a need for improved labeling.

This study found a high prevalence of central hair loss among African American women and associated it with diabetes mellitus type 2, bacterial scalp infections, and hairstyles causing traction.

This review discusses the evolution and ongoing debate about the causes of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in African American women, without presenting new clinical findings.

This review discusses the causes and diagnosis of traction alopecia, emphasizing education for high-risk populations as there is currently no cure, and presents no new clinical findings.

This study reported that chemical relaxants and hair styling practices were associated with scarring hair loss, particularly among women with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecias.

This review discusses the historical development of hair straightening products for Afro-ethnic hair and reports no new research findings.

This article discusses the complexities of treating hair and scalp disorders in African American patients, emphasizing the importance of understanding their specific hair care practices and the unique impact on quality of life, but reports no new empirical findings.

This chapter reviews cultural practices and morphological differences in ethnic hair, relating them to specific disorders seen in these populations, without presenting new clinical results.

In this study, frequent use of hair straighteners/relaxers and pressing products was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, with potential variation in risk by tumor type noted for permanent hair dyes.

This study found that a single application of 'Lye' or 'No-Lye' chemical straighteners significantly reduced drug concentrations in hair samples from both drug-fortified standards and authentic drug users.