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Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.

The document concludes that careful surgical methods and choosing the right materials are key for successful scalp, skull, and frontal sinus reconstruction.

Baldness might be caused by scalp weight pressing on hair follicles.

Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.

The document concludes that understanding the anatomical changes of the ageing face is important for effective rejuvenation treatments.

Human hair provides more UV protection when aligned and at higher angles, but the scalp still gets UV exposure.

Ptch2 plays a key role in controlling stem cell function and the ability to regenerate after birth.

Finasteride and dutasteride effectively stop or reverse hair loss in women with androgenetic alopecia, with dutasteride being more effective for women under 50.

The VQ-Dermato is a reliable French questionnaire for measuring quality of life in chronic skin disorder patients.

Polycystic ovary syndrome affects about 6-10% of women, with varying symptoms and the need for standardized global definitions.

Vitamin D receptor interacts with certain dietary components to help prevent diseases and regulate hair growth.

The guide explains how to identify and treat children's hair loss, including fungal infections, autoimmune disorders, hairstyle changes, self-correcting conditions, and behavioral therapy for hair-pulling.

Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.

A 33-year-old woman with PCOS and metabolic syndrome was unusually diagnosed with a bone condition called DISH, suggesting a possible link between these conditions.

A new MBTPS2 gene variant disrupts fat metabolism and collagen production, causing Osteogenesis imperfecta.

The conclusion is that closing scalp wounds is possible, but restoring hair without donor material is still a major challenge.

Hair and nails are skin parts that develop early and serve protective and functional roles.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

The Rotterdam Study updated findings on elderly health, focusing on heart disease, genetics, lifestyle effects, and disease understanding.

The Rotterdam Study found risk factors for elderly diseases, links between lifestyle and genetics with health conditions, and aimed to explore new areas like DNA methylation and sensory input effects on brain function.

The conclusion is that using drugs to block the TOR pathway might slow aging and prevent age-related diseases.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

Fibrinogen/LDL apheresis may improve speech perception in sudden hearing loss, especially for those with high fibrinogen and LDL levels.

Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.

Humans lost body hair relatively recently in evolution.