Anatomy of the Ageing Face

The document from 2013 examines the anatomical changes in the ageing face, which are crucial for surgeons performing rejuvenation procedures. It details how ageing affects facial bones, muscles, ligaments, and fat distribution, leading to changes in facial contours and the development of wrinkles. The paper highlights the growth and reshaping of facial bones like the orbit, maxilla, and mandible, the impact of muscle performance changes on facial expressions, and the descent of facial fat pads due to ligamentous attenuation. Additionally, it discusses the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), fat loss in areas like the orbit and mandible, and the continuous growth of the nose and ears. Ageing also influences hair growth, with the hair shaft and follicle being affected by genetics and environmental factors. The document outlines various treatment options for addressing the signs of ageing, including volume restoration, laser treatments, botulinum toxin, surgical procedures, and hair transplantation. It also underscores the role of a healthy lifestyle and skincare in mitigating the effects of ageing.