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Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.

Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.

Alopecia areata causes hair loss, has no cure, and various treatments exist.

Bioprinting could improve wound healing but needs more development to match real skin.

Stem cell self-renewal is complex and needs more research for full understanding.

Patients with certain skin symptoms and high ANA titers should be monitored for potential systemic lupus.

Clobetasol propionate ointment can help some people with total hair loss regrow hair.

Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.

New 5% minoxidil foam effectively promotes hair growth and is safe for use.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.

Male hormones affect COVID-19 severity and certain drugs targeting these hormones could help reduce the risk.

Different types of stem cells with unique roles exist in blood, skin, and intestines, and this variety is important for tissue repair.

Matriptase is crucial for keeping epithelial tissues healthy and functioning properly.

Minoxidil increases blood flow in balding scalps, possibly reversing hair loss.

Stem cells in the hair follicle are regulated by their surrounding environment, which is important for hair growth.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Alopecia areata significantly lowers the quality of life, especially in emotional and mental health aspects.

Minoxidil shortens baldness from chemotherapy by 50.2 days without significant side effects.

Choosing the right patients, using proper techniques, and having thorough knowledge are key to preventing and managing dermal filler complications.

Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Adult female acne treatment should be personalized, considering individual preferences and pregnancy, using various topical and oral medications while managing side effects and resistance.

JAK inhibitors help with skin conditions but need more research on dosing and safety.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

New topical antifungals and delivery systems are improving treatment for fungal skin infections, but patient education and prevention are key.

Minoxidil helps heart function but doesn't improve exercise ability and may cause complications.

ICG-enhanced NIR laser therapy may be a promising acne treatment with improvement and no side effects.

Interferon, especially alfa interferon, is an effective treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with manageable side effects.

Women with epilepsy should be monitored for reproductive issues, which can be caused by epilepsy or its treatments, especially when using valproate.