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In this study, Dodatek A operationalizes the Functional Androgen Axis framework by defining three system-level indices and an efficiency metric to describe androgen function, incorporating key methodological improvements and acknowledging significant limitations for future empirical validation.

This review covers gynecologic examination challenges and normal anatomical variations in prepubertal girls, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing common benign conditions from rare abuse cases; it presents no new experimental findings.

This study found that male 5α-reductase 2 knockout mice showed deficits in social dominance behaviors and reduced dopamine receptor binding in a brain region related to social ranking.

This article reviews adolescent sexual behavior and emphasizes the importance of hormonal contraception for sexually active teenagers, suggesting that health care providers play a crucial role in addressing their reproductive needs.

In a rat model, this study found that a hydrogel incorporating adipose-derived stem cells and nerve growth factor may aid in the recovery of erectile function following cavernous nerve injury.

This review addresses the effects of testosterone on brain development and examines both the established sex differences in brain functions and the debate surrounding structural dimorphism in neuropsychiatric conditions.

This research presents the Dodatek A model, elaborating on androgen function through new mathematical indices and methodological improvements, shifting focus from serum hormone concentrations to system interactions to better describe androgen activity comprehensively.

This study found that adverse effects of finasteride were more common among right-handed heterosexuals and left-handed homosexuals with androgenic alopecia.

This study found a significant association between finasteride use and reports of sexual dysfunction, particularly greater in young men using it for alopecia compared to older BPH patients.

This review discusses the impact of 5α-reductase inhibitors on sexual function and presents results from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, without reporting new clinical findings.

This case report discusses the diagnostic challenges and management options for three siblings with 46, XY DSD due to type 2 5-α reductase deficiency, highlighting the genetic basis and impact on their quality of life.

This study used Density Functional Theory to calculate finasteride's molecular properties, finding the GGA/PW91 method aligns well with experimental data and identifying key reactive sites for chemical interactions.

This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the distribution of 5a-reductase isozymes and their implications for mental health, finding that inhibition of neurosteroidogenesis may contribute to anxiety, depression, and suicidality, with some patients experiencing persistent psychiatric effects from finasteride or dutasteride.

This article reviews the normal and delayed maturation of the HPG axis and pubertal development in boys and girls, emphasizing clinical aspects of diagnosing and managing delayed puberty, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study reports that psoriasis prevalence among transgender individuals is similar to that in the general population, with possible links to gender-affirming hormone therapy needing more research.

This article discusses the FDA approval of bremelanotide for premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder and reports no clinical results.

This study found that LepRb neurons in the brain are important targets for androgen action and influence sex-specific differences in reproductive and metabolic regulation, implicating them in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome.

This article evaluates clinical and scientific literature on post-finasteride syndrome, concluding that finasteride and dutasteride may cause persistent sexual, neurological, and physical adverse side effects in a subset of men.

This review discusses the skin's role as a peripheral endocrine organ, highlighting its complex hormonal interactions and the endocrine functions it performs, but reports no new findings.

This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.

This review examines the skin manifestations of various endocrine disorders, highlighting their underlying pathophysiology and impact on an individual's health and quality of life, without reporting new research findings.

This research observed that 5α-reductase inhibitors showed significant tic-suppressing effects in Tourette's syndrome, suggesting a key role for this enzyme in the disorder's pathogenesis.

This study found that neuroactive steroids like DHEA and pregnenolone influence cocaine-induced appetence in mice through their interaction with the ς₁ receptor, suggesting a role in individual vulnerability to addiction.

This study found that women with PCOS who have an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to buserelin exhibit more severe hyperandrogenemia, increased insulin secretion, and reduced insulin sensitivity.

This study detected a significant association between finasteride use and sexual dysfunction, particularly in younger patients with alopecia, suggesting that indication and reporting stimulation may influence the observed signal.

This review addresses new therapeutic approaches for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome but reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the necessity for multidisciplinary strategies and psychological support in treatment.

This study found that patients with androgenic alopecia had altered neuroactive steroid levels and depression symptoms after stopping finasteride treatment, suggesting lingering neuropsychiatric effects.

This study found that testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are crucial for synaptic transmission and spine density in male hippocampal neurons, suggesting sex-specific effects of neurosteroids on brain development.