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All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.

Metformin improves hair growth and menstrual frequency in women with PCOS and hirsutism.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, marked by symptoms like hair growth and menstrual issues, and requires personalized treatment.

To diagnose hair loss, use a systematic approach including history, exams, and tests.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

FPHL is a common, age-related, genetic hair loss with unclear causes and limited treatment options.

Some drugs can cause hair loss, change hair color and shape, or increase hair growth, and treatment may involve stopping the drug or using specific hair growth treatments.

The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.

ADSC-CM treatment improved hair density and thickness in women with hair loss, safely and effectively.

Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.

Acne treatment varies, with topical and systemic therapies effective, and more research needed on treatment order and long-term effects.

Dandruff is mainly caused by a scalp reaction to yeast, can worsen hair loss, and antifungal treatments may help.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in acne, which can be a symptom of systemic diseases like PCOS and may require targeted treatment.

Women with PCOS often have skin problems like excessive hair, acne, hair loss, and dark patches, which can be treated with hormonal and non-hormonal therapies.

Zinc deficiency in children can cause skin issues and can be serious if not diagnosed and treated properly.

Both vitiligo and alopecia areata involve an immune response triggered by stress and specific genes, with treatments targeting this pathway showing potential.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

Low-dose finasteride may cause lasting sexual dysfunction and suicidal thoughts in young men.

Red ginseng may improve immunity, fatigue, memory, blood circulation, and menopausal symptoms, and is generally safe to consume.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

Mood stabilizers like lithium and anticonvulsants have side effects that can lead to patients stopping their medication, and managing these effects is important for treatment adherence.

Some parents have a mild form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia without symptoms, and they usually don't need treatment.

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.

Some breast cancer patients still experience hair loss three years after chemotherapy, especially with taxane-based treatments.

SHBG may be a useful early indicator and treatment target for PCOS.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway can improve atopic dermatitis but vary in effectiveness for vitiligo and alopecia areata, with generally mild safety concerns.

Athletes use steroids to enhance performance despite health risks and legal issues, and education on their dangers is needed.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.