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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Newer low-dose oral contraceptives with less androgenic effects improve patient compliance.

Low-dose flutamide helps reduce excessive hair growth and is even more effective with birth control, without bad effects on blood fats.

Metformin helps improve symptoms and reproductive outcomes in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.

A specific gene variation is linked to a higher risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Caucasian women.

Melasma's causes include genetics, sun exposure, hormones, and oxidative stress, and understanding these can help create better treatments.

Skin diseases linked to insulin resistance should be managed to prevent diabetes and reduce heart disease risk.

The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.

The conclusion is that the best initial treatment for hirsutism is usually oral contraceptives, with the addition of antiandrogens or insulin sensitizers if needed, and topical eflornithine or laser treatments as supplementary options.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Hormonal treatments like birth control pills can improve acne in women with excess hair growth and hormone imbalances.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Oral contraceptive use may increase the risk of frontal fibrosing alopecia in women with a specific CYP1B1 gene variant.

The activity of a specific rat enzyme in the prostate and epididymis is highly dependent on the acidity level.

Managing oxidative stress might help treat low testosterone and related chronic diseases in aging men.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.

Women with moderate body hair have higher levels of certain hormones and may benefit from treatment that increases sex hormone-binding protein.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

New hormonal treatments for enlarged prostate show promise for safer, effective non-surgical options.

The document concludes with guidance for doctors on diagnosing and treating hirsutism effectively and safely.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Women with PCOS often have skin problems like excessive hair, acne, hair loss, and dark patches, which can be treated with hormonal and non-hormonal therapies.

Patients with acne vulgaris have lower serum irisin levels.

Polycystic ovary syndrome increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer, and requires early treatment to manage these risks.

Acitretin is effective for severe psoriasis and can be used long-term due to no immunosuppression, but must be carefully monitored for side effects and is not for pregnant women.

Allopregnanolone increases growth and changes gene activity in human brain cancer cells.

Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and tailored long-term treatment can effectively manage androgenic disorders in women, improving patient care outcomes.

The 2023 guideline advises a detailed approach for PCOS, focusing on early detection, lifestyle and medical treatments, and managing health risks.