25 citations,
July 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology” COVID-19 can cause various skin issues, including rashes and hair loss, which usually heal on their own and don't always indicate severe illness.
21 citations,
February 2021 in “BMJ case reports” Anabolic steroid users may face higher risk of severe COVID-19.
8 citations,
July 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The review found that COVID-19 can cause skin problems, including rashes and issues from wearing PPE, and suggests more research and protective measures for healthcare workers.
January 2023 in “Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (Tiskana izd.)” The article concludes that schoolchildren and adolescents experienced various skin issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, including acne from masks and other skin reactions from the virus and vaccines.
3 citations,
September 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Androgens and a high-fat diet may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in women with PCOS by upregulating certain proteins in the heart and kidneys.
6 citations,
March 2022 in “Frontiers in drug discovery” Some small molecule antivirals show promise against COVID-19, but more research is needed to understand and improve them.
5 citations,
December 2021 in “Scientific Reports” Age affects how certain proteins involved in COVID-19 infection are expressed in mice, but sex hormones and heart injury do not.
March 2023 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, are used for prostate issues, hair loss, and excessive hair growth, may help with COVID-19, but can cause sexual and mental health side effects, and their use in preventing prostate cancer needs more examination.
34 citations,
September 2020 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” Existing drug dexamethasone may lower death risk in severe COVID-19 cases; more research needed for other drugs.
58 citations,
February 2021 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” The conclusion is that individual differences in COVID-19 severity are influenced by factors like age, sex, race, and genetics, which are important for personalized medicine.
15 citations,
August 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” COVID-19 and hypopituitarism (reduced pituitary gland function) are linked, with the latter's related health issues potentially worsening COVID-19 outcomes, and COVID-19 possibly increasing risk for pituitary complications.
9 citations,
March 2021 in “Hormones” COVID-19 may affect male fertility and women might have better outcomes due to hormonal and immune differences.
December 2022 in “International Journal of Biomedicine” Androgens may worsen COVID-19 and hair loss could indicate the disease's severity.
125 citations,
August 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.
October 2022 in “Journal of experimental and clinical medicine” Repurposing existing drugs for COVID-19 shows promise but requires more research to confirm effectiveness.
113 citations,
July 2020 in “Communications biology” Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.
50 citations,
July 2021 in “Nature Communications” The drug enzalutamide may reduce the ability of the virus causing COVID-19 to enter lung cells.
42 citations,
July 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Proxalutamide significantly lowered hospital admissions for male COVID-19 patients compared to a placebo.
29 citations,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone may influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes.
23 citations,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
19 citations,
November 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone may affect COVID-19 severity differently in men and women, potentially influencing prevention and treatment strategies.
16 citations,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
9 citations,
July 2021 in “Essays in Biochemistry” Sex hormones may influence COVID-19 severity, with males at higher risk, and certain hormone therapies could potentially treat the virus.
October 2023 in “Microorganisms” Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir treatment may lead to a weaker immune response to COVID-19, but doesn't affect the chance of rebound.
February 2023 in “Vaccines” COVID-19 may harm male reproductive health and lower testosterone levels, potentially affecting fertility and causing erectile dysfunction. More research is needed.
1 citations,
September 2022 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” Rehabilitation therapy helped a severe COVID-19 patient regain muscle mass and return to normal life.
June 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Men and women respond differently to drugs for COVID-19, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which suggests a need for personalized treatments.
September 2022 in “Dermatology and therapy” Androgenetic alopecia is linked to heart disease, metabolic issues, and mental health problems.
1 citations,
May 2021 in “BMC Proceedings” The document concludes that more research is needed to reduce frequent hospital visits, addiction medicine education improves with specific training, early breast cancer surgery findings are emerging, nipple smears are not very accurate, surgery for older melanoma patients doesn't extend life, a genetic condition in infants can often be treated with one drug, doctors are inconsistent with blood clot medication, a certain gene may protect against cell damage, muscle gene overexpression affects many other genes, and some mitochondrial genes are less active in mice with tumors.
737 citations,
December 2020 in “Journal of Infection” Many COVID-19 survivors experience long-term symptoms but still report satisfactory quality of life and return to work.