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Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

Exposure to too much androgen before birth might cause polycystic ovary syndrome later in life.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

Msx and Dlx genes are crucial for development, controlling cell behaviors like growth and differentiation through their roles as gene regulators.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Pregnancy can cause various skin changes and diseases, with PUPPP being the most common skin condition specific to pregnancy.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

The ZIP7 gene helps control zinc levels in cells by moving zinc from the Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Some skin medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but others can harm the baby and should be avoided.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.

Patients with certain skin symptoms and high ANA titers should be monitored for potential systemic lupus.

Early detection and intensive treatment of diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus toxins are crucial for reducing severe health effects.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

The human type II 5α-reductase gene, linked to certain male health conditions, has a specific structure and low similarity to other related genes.

Men's sensitivity to male hormones might affect how severe COVID-19 gets for them.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a big role in acne, but most acne sufferers don't have a hormone disorder. Hormonal treatments, including birth control pills, can be very effective for women whose acne doesn't improve with regular treatments.

New compounds were made that block an enzyme linked to breast cancer better than existing treatments.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Hair elemental analysis could be useful for health and exposure assessment but requires more standardization and research.

Hormonal treatments, including birth control and antiandrogens, can effectively treat acne in women.

Pregnancy can cause skin pigmentation, stretch marks, and changes in hair, nails, and sweat glands, with most resolving after birth.