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Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

The document concludes that Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea should be carefully diagnosed and managed to prevent health complications, using lifestyle changes and specific medications.

About 19.4% of Iranian women in the study have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, with the most common type involving irregular periods and high male hormone levels, but their heart and metabolic health is similar to women without the condition.

Some psychiatric drugs can cause severe hair loss, especially valproic acid, and it's more likely in women or those with thyroid issues or past hair loss.

The supplement highlighted advancements and challenges in plastic and reconstructive surgery, including the impact of smoking, chemotherapy, and new treatments like Tafluprost for hair loss.

Accurate diagnosis and treatment of skin and hair disorders are crucial, with growing focus on hair loss treatments like topical minoxidil.

In 2017, Spanish dermatologists commonly prescribed topical minoxidil, oral finasteride, and nutricosmetics for hair loss, with oral contraceptives also used for premenopausal women. Less common were oral dutasteride, due to side effects, and newer, more expensive treatments like topical finasteride and Low-Level Laser Therapy. The conclusion is that there's a need for prescription guidelines due to varied treatment approaches.

Melatonin may help with nerve pain, a hepatitis C drug is effective but has side effects, a treatment for mouth sores works but can cause blood issues, ear reconstruction with an implant is safe, HIV transmission from mother to child in Taiwan is now 0% with treatment, certain blood problems are more common in people with a tongue condition, a gene and being overweight are linked to hair loss in some women, a new technique could reduce radiation for lung nodule patients, a hepatitis treatment may lower cancer recurrence after a procedure, and adding extra screening improves tuberculosis detection in patients with lung infections.

Women with irregular periods and/or excessive body hair are more likely to have polycystic ovaries, and this condition is linked to higher health risks.

Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.

Acne is caused by multiple factors including oil production, bacteria, inflammation, and possibly diet and environment.

Researchers created artificial human skin using special cells, which could help treat skin conditions like albinism and vitiligo.

Kids with skin problems are more likely to have mental health issues.

Trichoscopy is a useful tool for diagnosing different hair and scalp diseases by their unique visual features.

Herbal products might promote hair growth with fewer side effects, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Platelet lysate is more effective than activated autologous platelet-rich plasma or saline in improving hair growth after hair restoration surgery.

Leptin affects skin and hair health and may worsen some skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand its full impact.

Newly found stem cells in horse hooves show promise for treating a hoof disease called laminitis.

Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have more sexual function issues than those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but physical activity can improve sexual functioning in all women.

Chromium salts may help with insulin sensitivity in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm their overall effectiveness and safety.

Surgical skin treatments improved with new methods like laser resurfacing, combined techniques, and better hair and fat removal options.

People with alopecia areata may have a higher risk of blood clots.

Alopecia patients have higher heart disease risk; statins and finasteride may help.

Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.

The guidelines suggest a detailed approach to diagnosing and treating lupus, with a focus on regular check-ups, personalized medicine, and a range of drug options for different cases.

The hedgehog signaling pathway is crucial for hair growth but not for the initial creation of hair follicles.

Some drugs can cause hair loss or increase hair growth, but these effects are usually reversible when the drug is stopped.