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The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

Women with PCOS are more likely to have impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, especially if they are Asian or obese.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Women with PCOS face higher risks of diabetes and heart disease, and these risks increase with obesity.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.

Masculine facial features may not reliably indicate heritable health, and more research is needed.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are crucial for preventing serious health issues and improving patient outcomes.

Certain mutations in the H6PD gene cause Cortisone Reductase Deficiency by affecting hormone production.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe skin condition often caused by drugs, with complex treatment and a high risk of death, but survivors usually heal without scars.

A protein called CBP is found in prostate cancer and can increase the effectiveness of certain prostate cancer treatments.

The document concludes that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease without a definitive cure, but treatments like corticosteroids are commonly used.

The transscrotal testosterone patch normalizes hormone levels in men with AIDS and weight loss but does not improve weight, body mass, or quality of life.

Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.

Genes and hormones cause hair loss, with four genes contributing equally.

A boy with severe Vitamin D-resistant rickets did not respond to treatment and lacked a common symptom, suggesting a need for alternative treatments.

The document concludes that more research is needed to understand how to treat muscle pain with drugs.

Men are more likely to get infectious skin diseases, while women are more prone to autoimmune and pigment-related skin conditions, influenced by biological and environmental factors.

Many skin patients have mental health issues, but few dermatologists are well-versed in treating these conditions.

Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is hard because its symptoms often look like normal puberty, and there's a need for better diagnosis methods and agreement on criteria.

The document concludes that careful design of genetic fate mapping experiments is crucial for accurate cell lineage tracing in mice.

NcoA4 may have roles beyond helping control gene activity, possibly affecting cell behavior and stability.

Some newly made compounds are promising for treating enlarged prostate, hair loss, viruses, and prostate cancer, and might be better than current drugs.

The spiny mouse is a unique menstruating rodent that can help us understand menstruation and reproductive disorders.

Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia may be caused by changes in how the body processes male hormones.

Interferons are effective for some skin conditions and cancers, but can have side effects and need more research for optimal use.