21 citations,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
19 citations,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.
August 2024 in “Medicine” Most patients with PCOS were prescribed medroxyprogesterone acetate or oral contraceptives, with some experiencing side effects or needing prescription changes.
3 citations,
January 2007 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that individualized treatment and lifestyle changes are important for managing menopause symptoms and health risks.
1 citations,
April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.
June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.
75 citations,
November 2016 in “Medicines” Beta-sitosterol has potential health benefits but needs more research to fully understand its effects and improve its use in treatments.
53 citations,
January 2017 in “Skin appendage disorders” Botulinum toxin shows promise for various skin conditions but requires more research for confirmation and standardized use.
17 citations,
August 2015 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” The study found that urine metabolites M1b or M4 are the best indicators of ATD use in horses, with detection possible up to 77 hours in urine and 28 hours in blood.
37 citations,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
15 citations,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
23 citations,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
61 citations,
January 2017 in “Human Reproduction Open” The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.
57 citations,
December 2018 in “JAMA Surgery” Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.
104 citations,
January 2005 in “Climacteric” Drospirenone is a unique progestin with anti-water retention and potential blood pressure benefits, used in birth control and hormone therapy.
22 citations,
October 2018 in “British Journal of Haematology” Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.
22 citations,
January 2015 in “The Cochrane library” DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.
658 citations,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
146 citations,
December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.
15 citations,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
2 citations,
November 2018 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Women with different PCOS types have similar fertility treatment results.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” Gender affects hair and scalp characteristics, with differences in hormone responses, graying patterns, and trace metals.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
251 citations,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
166 citations,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
137 citations,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
126 citations,
February 2017 in “JAMA Surgery” Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.
68 citations,
February 2019 in “Urology” Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.