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Glossary Neurodegenerative Disease

progressive loss of neuron function or structure

A Neurodegenerative Disease is a condition characterized by the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including their death. Common examples include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases often lead to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and other neurological impairments, significantly impacting quality of life.

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research Nigella sativa and its nano‐mediated approach toward management of neurodegenerative disorders: A review

1 citations , February 2023 in “Ibrain”

This review discusses the neuroprotective properties of Nigella sativa and its nanoformulations for treating neurodegenerative disorders, without presenting new clinical results.

Advances In Functional Neurosurgery: Machine Learning, Neural Engineering, And Robotics In Treatment Of Neurodegenerative Disorders

research ADVANCES IN FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY – MACHINE LEARNING, NEURAL ENGINEERING AND ROBOTICS IN TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS

January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie”

This source reports that clinical trials using advanced Deep Brain Stimulation systems, augmented with AI to integrate kinematic data, eye tracking, and cognitive assessments, show promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring symptoms for patients with Parkinson's disease.

research Meta-analysis identifies novel risk loci and yields systematic insights into the biology of male-pattern baldness

64 citations , March 2017 in “Nature communications”

This study identified 63 genetic loci associated with male-pattern baldness, uncovering genes and pathways that may help develop treatments and suggesting its connection to other human conditions.

Antioxidants and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Charnoly Bodies in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cardiovascular Disorders, and Cancer

research Antioxidants and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This chapter discusses charnolopharmacotherapeutics for various medical conditions and suggests antioxidant-loaded nanoparticles may improve treatment by enhancing central nervous system delivery and inducing charnolophagy.

research Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration: Clues in the Hair and Blood Vessels!

2 citations , October 2018 in “The journal of pediatrics/The Journal of pediatrics”

This case report identified a 4-month-old boy with Menkes disease, a neurodegenerative disorder of copper metabolism, noting symptoms like recurrent seizures, developmental delay, and specific physical characteristics, confirmed by genetic sequencing showing a pathogenic ATP7A mutation and low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels.

research Phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases: The road ahead

18 citations , April 2024 in “Phytotherapy Research”

This review examines the potential of plant-derived compounds like quercetin, curcumin, EGCG, apigenin, and cannabinoids for treating neurodegenerative disorders, while discussing their benefits and limitations, and calls for more extensive pre-clinical and clinical research.

research Multiorgan Dysfunction in a 7-Month-Old Boy With Developmental Delay and Poor Growth

December 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review”

This case report concluded that undiagnosed Menkes disease, an X-linked disorder causing copper deficiency, contributed to a 7-month-old's illness and death, complicating his presentation with viral septic shock and methamphetamine exposure.

Parkinson's Disease and Skin Disorders: Non-Iatrogenic and Iatrogenic Connections

research Parkinson's disease and skin

28 citations , January 2021 in “Parkinsonism & related disorders (Online)/Parkinsonism & related disorders”

This article reviews skin disorders in Parkinson's disease, highlighting the potential of skin studies and stem cell research to advance understanding and treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder, without presenting new results.

research Unraveling the complex role of MAPT-containing H1 and H2 haplotypes in neurodegenerative diseases

26 citations , May 2024 in “Molecular Neurodegeneration”

This review assesses existing knowledge about the 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism, highlighting its genetic structure differences across ancestries, associations with various diseases, and implications for precision medicine and drug discovery.

NAD⁺ Biology in Aging and Chronic Disease: Mechanisms and Evidence Across Skin, Fertility, Osteoarthritis, Hearing and Vision Loss, Gut Health, Cardiovascular-Hepatic Metabolism, Neurological Disorders, and Muscle

research NAD⁺ Biology in Ageing and Chronic Disease: Mechanisms and Evidence across Skin, Fertility, Osteoarthritis, Hearing and Vision Loss, Gut Health, Cardiovascular–Hepatic Metabolism, Neurological Disorders, and Muscle

January 2026 in “Annals of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

This narrative review summarizes evidence on NAD⁺ biosynthesis and turnover, highlighting that while NAD⁺ precursors like NR and NMN consistently boost NAD⁺ levels in preclinical and human studies, clinical outcome results remain varied, indicating a need for more standardized human trials.

Bipolar Patients and Bullous Pemphigoid After Risperidone Long-Acting Injectable: A Case Report and Literature Review

research Bipolar Patients and Bullous Pemphigoid after Risperidone Long-Acting Injectable: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

3 citations , October 2021 in “Brain Sciences”

This review hypothesizes that risperidone long-acting injectable may be linked to bullous pemphigoid in a bipolar patient, though current studies report mixed results.

The Pharmaceutical Market as Reflected by Patents

research The Pharma Market as Reflected by Patents

December 2011 in “Drug Research”

The document shows the state of pharmaceutical patents as of 1999, focusing on treatments for various diseases.

research EFFECT OF ECLIPTA ALBA ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED AMNESIA IN MICE

5 citations , October 2018 in “Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics”

This study found that Eclipta alba may protect against scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice by reducing brain acetylcholinestrase activity and oxidative stress.

research Taurine, a non-proteinous essential amino acid for human body systems: an overview

November 2022 in “Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research”

This review discusses the potential clinical benefits and functional properties of taurine as a conditionally essential amino acid, noting its presence in energy drinks, but reports no new experimental results.

research Innovative Reports on the Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse—How to Lose Your Mind for the Love of Sport

August 2023 in “Medicina-lithuania”

This review discusses the degenerative effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on the nervous system and reports no new experimental results, aiming to increase public awareness of their health risks.

research Hair follicle stem cells:In vitroandin vivoneural differentiation

25 citations , January 2015 in “World journal of stem cells”

This review discusses the potential of hair follicle stem cells as a novel source for cell therapy in neurodegenerative disorders, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Functional Food Nutrients, Redox Resilience Signaling and Neurosteroids for Brain Health

45 citations , November 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review discusses how various nutrients, such as flavonoids, probiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids, may support brain health by targeting stress-related pathways, potentially offering protective effects against neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders through their roles in oxidative stress reduction and neuroinflammation regulation.

research Probiotics: An Adjuvant therapy for D-Galactose induced Alzheimer's disease

March 2017 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)”

This study found that probiotics, specifically the L. plantarum MTCC 1325 strain, may have protective effects against Alzheimer's-like symptoms induced by D-Galactose in animal models, suggesting potential therapeutic use for neurodegenerative disorders.

Physiopathological Role of the Enzymatic Complex 5α-Reductase and 3α/β-Hydroxysteroid Oxidoreductase in the Generation of Progesterone and Testosterone Neuroactive Metabolites

research Physiopathological role of the enzymatic complex 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in the generation of progesterone and testosterone neuroactive metabolites

18 citations , March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology”

This study suggests that synthetic steroid analogues or 5α-reductase modulation could be potential therapeutic strategies for nervous system disorders, but further research on their effects is necessary.

research Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study

188 citations , December 2020 in “Foods”

This review explores the potential health benefits of food bioactive compounds, specifically polyphenols, as preventive agents against non-communicable diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disorders, while also addressing challenges like bioavailability and industrial applications.

Neurosteroidogenesis Today: Novel Targets for Neuroactive Steroid Synthesis and Action and Their Relevance for Translational Research

research Neurosteroidogenesis Today: Novel Targets for Neuroactive Steroid Synthesis and Action and Their Relevance for Translational Research

123 citations , December 2015 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology”

This review discusses recent strategies targeting the neuroactive steroid biosynthetic pathway to enhance neurosteroidogenesis, highlighting their potential benefits for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Synthesis and Actions of 5α-Reduced Metabolites of Testosterone in the Nervous System

1 citations , December 2021 in “Androgens”

This review discusses the effects of neuroactive testosterone metabolites on CNS functions and suggests their potential as therapeutic options for neurological disorders, but reports no new clinical results.

research The concealed side of caspases: beyond a killer of cells

13 citations , December 2024 in “Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences”

This study reviews recent advancements in understanding caspases, highlighting their roles beyond apoptosis in cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorders, and discusses the potential and challenges of targeting caspases for therapeutic purposes.

research Mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome: a promising approach for Parkinson’s disease treatment

June 2026 in “The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery”

This review discusses the potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome, mainly extracellular vesicles, in Parkinson's disease therapy, highlighting their neuroprotective abilities and therapeutic prospects, but it reports no clinical results.

research Kennedy's disease and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Report of 4 cases and literature review

May 2015 in “Endocrinología y nutrición”

This study described four adult male cases of Kennedy disease with typical neurological symptoms and noted gynecomastia as the most frequent endocrinological manifestation, accompanied by an abnormal expansion in the androgen receptor gene.

research Pathology of Mouse Models of Accelerated Aging

81 citations , February 2016 in “Veterinary pathology”

This review discusses the commonly observed pathological findings in progeroid mouse models and highlights the importance of understanding mouse strain backgrounds and progeria-related phenotypes for accurate pathology data interpretation.

research Therapeutic, Prophylactic, and Functional Use of Probiotics: A Current Perspective

63 citations , September 2020 in “Frontiers in Microbiology”

This review discusses the potential health benefits of probiotics as a "Bio-Therapy" in food and medicine, noting that more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms and effectiveness.

research Modulating the Antioxidant Response for Better Oxidative Stress-Inducing Therapies: How to Take Advantage of Two Sides of the Same Medal?

29 citations , March 2022 in “Biomedicines”

This review discusses recent findings on cellular antioxidant responses to oxidative stress and their implications for treating various human diseases but reports no new clinical results.

research Recent Insights in Multi‐Target Drugs in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry

3 citations , September 2025 in “ChemMedChem”

This review highlights the inadequacy of the "specificity paradigm" in drug design for complex diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer, suggesting a shift toward developing multitarget drugs to improve treatment efficacy by interacting with multiple targets through various mechanisms.

research Regulatory T cells: master orchestrators of immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis

2 citations , June 2026 in “Frontiers in Science”

This review examines the potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies to transform treatment across various medical specialties by promoting immune tolerance and tissue repair, but it reports no new clinical results.