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This research observed that the skeletal abnormalities in Noggin null mice varied based on genetic background, and identified haploinsufficiency leading to joint fusions, similar to human conditions associated with NOGGIN deficiency.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.

This article describes the potential applications of myoblast implantation for muscle regeneration and its promising social and economic value but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that oxidative damage is present in the mitochondria of PolG mice, which exhibit premature aging-like phenotypes due to mitochondrial dysfunction.

The authors reviewed the mechanisms behind Kennedy's disease, noting advances in therapeutic strategies such as androgen deprivation and gene silencing that may soon expand treatment options for this incurable neuromuscular condition.

This article reviews methotrexate's pharmacokinetics and toxicity, emphasizing the role of urinary excretion and leucovorin in avoiding most toxic reactions; it provides no new clinical results.

This paper describes a case of epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy associated with a novel PLEC mutation and diffuse alopecia, highlighting a potential genetic link that remains uncertain.

This article discusses the Sacred Heart version of the bilobed flap for scalp reconstruction to close small defects without skin grafts and reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses gender identity disorder in Japan, highlighting the high prevalence and challenges in accessing appropriate treatment, and calls for wider understanding among medical professionals.

This review discusses the various skin manifestations associated with end-stage renal disease and their potential causes but reports no new clinical findings; the authors emphasize pruritus as a significant condition.

This review discusses post-finasteride syndrome, highlighting occasional adverse sexual and systemic effects in men and women, but reports no new research findings while emphasizing the need for better education about the drug's risks.

This article discusses Kennedy's disease, detailing its genetic cause, symptoms, and diagnostic criteria, but reports no new clinical findings and highlights a lack of causal therapy.

This study found that fibroblasts from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy patients with certain genetic mutations overexpress markers of fibrosis, and gene correction techniques reduced fibrogenic molecule expression in cell models, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.

This review compiles current research on the role of long non-coding RNAs in regulating muscle growth and regeneration processes, particularly their influence on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and reports no new clinical results.

This study found that scalp disorders, such as hair loss and itching, can be associated with collagen VI mutations, thus highlighting the need to investigate scalp involvement in these patients.

This article reviews options and principles for reconstructing defects of the scalp, skull, orbit, and maxilla, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study with a rat muscle defect model, decellularized muscle matrix demonstrated better integration, neovascularization, and myogenesis compared to commercially available acellular dermal matrices, and also showed trends toward reduced inflammation and fibrosis after 30 and 60 days.

In this study, PRP injections into the muscular layer of rabbits' intestinal walls improved anastomosis regeneration with less adhesion compared to PRP soaking, though further research is needed to determine the best application method.

Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.

In this study, injecting platelet-rich plasma into the muscular layer of the intestinal wall in rabbits significantly reduced adhesion development compared to soaking methods, suggesting an improvement in anastomosis regeneration.

This case study reports a U.S. Naval fighter pilot with recurrent central serous retinopathy who became the first to receive a waiver for unrestricted flight despite permanent defective visual acuity.

In this case report, the authors found that hair transplantation on a free microvascular flap may be a viable and effective option for achieving good aesthetic outcomes when treating residual alopecia following reconstruction of large scalp defects.

This study found that a combined genotypic and phenotypic reanalysis increased molecular diagnostic accuracy from 9% to 26% in a cohort of unresolved monogenic diabetes cases, identifying five previously overlooked genetic defects.

This review discusses the multifactorial etiology of hypospadias, including genetic predispositions and possible environmental factors, and highlights the need for further studies on genetic and environmental contributions to its increasing prevalence, without presenting new findings.

Reconstruct lips with proper planning, templates, and revisions for appearance and function.

This study explored recent advancements in 3D bioprinting for head and neck defects, highlighting how bioinks and scaffolds may improve treatment customization and functionality by mimicking native tissue features. The research also examined challenges like biocompatibility and regulatory requirements on the path to clinical use.

This study reported that anti-Ku-positive patients exhibited heterogeneous muscular features, primarily characterized by necrotizing fibers and vacuolar changes, and suggested that autophagy could be a significant mechanism involved in the pathogenesis.

This review discusses the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap for head and neck reconstruction, detailing its anatomy, technique, complications, and sustained relevance despite newer microvascular methods; it reports no new clinical results.

This review examined mechanisms regulating muscle repair, highlighting disruptions in aging and chronic diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy and diabetes. It noted that chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction hinder effective regeneration and discussed emerging therapies, suggesting multi-target approaches could be promising despite limited clinical evidence.

This study found that BNC2 is critical for hair follicle regeneration and other developmental processes, as Bnc2−/− mice exhibit incomplete hair follicle development and developmental defects, and BNC1 cannot substitute for BNC2.