March 2026 in “SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine” This study demonstrated that litifilimab significantly reduced disease activity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus by Week 16, with improvements most notable in sunlight-exposed skin areas.
August 2026 in “Canadian Journal of Health Technologies” This study found that Litfulo improved hair regrowth in patients aged 12 and older with severe alopecia areata but did not meaningfully improve anxiety or depression symptoms compared to placebo.
In a proof-of-concept study at Xiangya Hospital, the researchers observed that combining tofacitinib with low-dose interleukin-2 helped maintain remission in refractory alopecia areata patients, with three out of four maintaining complete remission for 11–20 months post-treatment and no adverse events reported.
10 citations
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May 2020 in “Dermatologic therapy” In this study, a patient with recalcitrant lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia showed significant improvement after receiving four doses of the interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody tildrakizumab.
This case report describes how anifrolumab, used beyond trial-eligible populations, led to significant clinical and serological recovery in a 45-year-old woman with organ-threatening systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by infection and resistant to conventional treatments like cyclophosphamide and rituximab.
June 2026 in “JAAD Case Reports”
11 citations
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October 2001 in “Dermatologic Clinics” In this study, subcutaneous recombinant human IL-12 showed a 43% partial response rate in early-stage mycosis fungoides patients refractory to previous treatments, with generally mild to moderate adverse events reported.
This paper argues that for lupus management, selective immunotherapies like anifrolumab and belimumab, which specifically target parts of the immune system, offer more effective treatment options compared to older, broad immunosuppressive strategies.
16 citations
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April 2014 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This review discusses the pharmacological profile of teriflunomide for treating relapsing multiple sclerosis, highlighting its safety and effectiveness in reducing relapses and slowing disability progression, though direct comparisons with other oral medications are lacking.
November 2025 in “Reumatismo” In this study, the choice between Belimumab and Anifrolumab for treating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus was mainly influenced by the clinical features of the disease, such as chronic-active or relapsing-remitting courses and specific manifestations like cutaneous involvement or arthritis.
January 2024 in “Journal of Crohn's and colitis” This study reports that JAK inhibitors were effective in inducing remission in ulcerative colitis patients and presented an acceptable safety profile with a range of manageable side effects.
April 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This abstract does not report any research results but mentions researcher affiliations and potential conflicts of interest, indicating the researchers' involvement in various pharmaceutical collaborations.
September 2023 in “Medicina Estética Revista Científica de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Estética (SEME)” This research reported that the FDA approved Litfulo® (ritlecitinib) as the first oral treatment for severe alopecia areata in adolescents over 12 years old, with 23% of treated patients showing significant hair regrowth in clinical trials compared to 1.6% with placebo.
January 2021 in “Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020” In this case report, tofacitinib led to significant improvement in arthritis and partial improvement in alopecia for a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, with no observed adverse effects.
November 2025 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study observed that the choice between using Belimumab and Anifrolumab for treating active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus was mainly based on clinical phenotype, with Anifrolumab linked to chronic-active disease and Belimumab associated with relapsing-remitting disease.
5 citations
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January 2021 in “Inflammatory Bowel Diseases” In this report, a female patient with ulcerative colitis, alopecia areata, and pyoderma gangrenosum showed improvement in all three conditions after being treated with tofacitinib.
20 citations
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December 2016 in “Neurodegenerative disease management” This study found that teriflunomide, an oral medication taken once daily, significantly slowed disability progression in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, supported by positive results in two Phase III trials and supplemented by various analyses including long-term studies and patient-reported outcomes.
May 2025 in “The Journal of Rheumatology” In this case report, two patients with polyautoimmunity and difficult-to-treat lupus erythematosus experienced significant symptom improvement after adding anifrolumab to their regimen, suggesting its potential as an effective add-on therapy for refractory cutaneous symptoms in autoimmune conditions characterized by elevated interferon alpha activity.
January 2025 in “Journal of Crohn s and Colitis” In this study, tofacitinib showed promising efficacy and safety for biologic-naïve elderly patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, achieving steroid-free remission and clinical response over 52 weeks.
This study explored the experiences of systemic lupus erythematosus patients receiving Anifrolumab, revealing improvements in self-reported symptoms and daily life impacts alongside decreased disease activity and lowered corticosteroid use.
March 2024 in “Poster presentations” This study found that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus reported improvements in symptoms such as fatigue and joint pain after Anifrolumab treatment, with a corresponding decrease in corticosteroid use, although some disease impacts on daily life remained.
December 2024 in “The American Journal of Gastroenterology” This case report highlights the successful use of tofacitinib in a 12-year-old patient with Crohn’s disease who developed alopecia areata following infliximab treatment, showing significant hair regrowth and complete resolution of alopecia within eight months while maintaining remission of Crohn’s symptoms.
September 2022 in “XXXIX Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia” In this case report, a 42-year-old woman with cutaneous dermatomyositis showed significant improvement, including reduction of erythema, pruritus, and scaling, after starting JAK inhibitor tofacitinib, especially when conventional systemic treatments failed and intravenous immune globulin wasn't viable.
39 citations
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September 2015 in “Clinical Therapeutics” This review summarizes updated US prescribing information for teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis, highlighting its efficacy in reducing lesion activity and relapse rates but noting potential adverse effects such as headache and diarrhea.
84 citations
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August 2023 in “Drugs” This article describes the development milestones and recent approvals of ritlecitinib for treating severe alopecia areata, with approvals in the USA and Japan and ongoing regulatory reviews in other regions.
5 citations
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May 2023 in “Clinical Rheumatology” This case report highlights a 33-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus and refractory alopecia who experienced significant hair regrowth after treatment with tofacitinib, maintained even after glucocorticoid tapering over two years.
5 citations
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November 2023 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This study found that anifrolumab effectively reduced disease activity and allowed for corticosteroid tapering in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at Kanazawa University Hospital.
253 citations
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April 2014 in “Drugs” This review discusses the preclinical and clinical data on teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis, highlighting its selective action on immune cells without causing clinical immune suppression, and provides no new clinical results.
70 citations
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February 2018 in “Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism” This study found that belimumab helped achieve low disease activity in over 40% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in real-life settings, alongside reduced corticosteroid use and fewer flares.
1 citations
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May 2021 in “Annals of the rheumatic diseases” This study found that tofacitinib may be effective for treating pediatric rheumatic diseases, with especially promising results in patients with autoinflammatory diseases, arthritis and alopecia, and juvenile dermatomyositis.