May 2026 in “Research Square” This research reports that the polyG fragment within the Hoxc13 protein alters its gene regulatory functions, which could have influenced mammalian hair evolution by affecting pathways related to hair follicle development.
86 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” This paper reviews the evolution of skin appendages and keratin-associated proteins among amniotes, proposing a model for their genetic divergence without new experimental results.
8 citations
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April 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses the use of hairs and feathers as defensive tools through toxin incorporation in certain mammals and birds and reports no new experimental findings.
This article discusses the structure and protective function of pangolin scales, emphasizing their composition of α-keratins and β-keratins, and highlights evolutionary keratin diversification in tetrapods; it reports no new empirical findings.
28 citations
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September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” This study demonstrates a varied distribution of keratins in the epidermis of the Malayan pangolin, suggesting evolutionary adaptations related to their distinctive scales.
18 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” This review discusses the evolutionary history of keratins and reports no new results, highlighting key events that contributed to the development of mammalian hair and integument.
47 citations
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May 2012 in “Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Developmental Biology” This article reviews the generation of complex integument patterns through genetic, chemical, and environmental influences, with applications in tissue engineering, but reports no new experimental results.
April 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology” This workshop review from the Australian Hair and Wool Research Society discusses findings in cutaneous biology and endocrinology but presents no new research results.
4 citations
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June 2023 in “Journal of developmental biology” In this study, researchers propose that different vertebrate skin appendages, such as hair, feathers, and scales, evolved in parallel from a shared ancestral cell structure associated with teeth, dating back approximately 420 million years ago.
158 citations
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January 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” This perspective highlights the potential of reptile integument as an experimental model to understand the evolution of amniote skin structures, but reports no new research findings.
25 citations
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November 2020 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” This study found that the HoxC gene cluster plays a critical role in the development of ectodermal organs, including hair and nails, with mammalian-specific enhancers increasing transcription levels during development.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” This study suggests that the keratins found in reptile and bird skin appendages evolved independently from mammalian hair keratins, highlighting convergent evolution in these species.
3 citations
,
August 2013 in “International journal of research in Ayurveda and pharmacy” This study assessed the effects of the poly herbal formulation Hairbac, reporting significant improvements in hair texture, density, and loss among females with diffuse hair fall, with no adverse effects noted.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” This review explores theories on the evolution of hair from synapsid scales and glands, proposing mechanisms supported by comparative studies, but reports no new experimental findings.
19 citations
,
April 2015 in “Developmental Dynamics” This study reports that dynamic interactions between stem cells and their niche, influenced by macro-environmental factors, regulate regenerative behavior in integument pattern formation.
3 citations
,
May 2018 in “InTech eBooks” This review discusses the evaluation of animal models for hair research and regeneration, highlighting their importance and limitations, and calls for improved approaches to advance understanding of human hair diseases.
13 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of natural pharmaceuticals” This study suggests that extract from Musa paradisiaca unripe fruit may promote hair growth in mice, indicating potential as a hair growth treatment.
9 citations
,
January 2009 in “International Journal of PharmTech Research” This study found that a herbal oil formulation containing Eclipta alba, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, and Nardostachys jatamansi showed better hair growth effects in wister albino rats compared to 2% minoxidil.
June 2025 in “INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT” This study assessed a herbal dry shampoo comprising natural ingredients like Shikakai and Reetha, finding it effectively passed physicochemical tests but highlighted the need for more research to optimize product quality and safety.
July 2024 in “Anti-Infective Agents” This study explored the development of a herbal anti-dandruff shampoo using natural polyherbal tincture and reported strong antimicrobial effects, which suggests it may be a safer and more effective alternative to conventional solutions that can cause side effects like hair loss and irritation.
This study revealed that during avian skin development, complex tissue architecture results from specific cellular flows and mechanical processes that guide feather bud protrusion and elongation, with distinct differences noted in scale development, where rigidity restricts such transformations.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that a neem-based herbal formulation may be more effective than ivermectin in treating sarcoptic mange in dromedary camels, leading to complete recovery without scarring or keratinization.
September 2025 in “International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology” In this study, researchers developed an herbal hair tonic using ingredients like coconut oil, aloe vera, and neem, and evaluated its antibacterial, antifungal, and hair strength-enhancing properties, though specific results are not reported.
This study prepared herbal hair oil using ingredients like coconut oil, amla, neem, hibiscus, and onion, and reported that the formulations exhibit anti-hairfall properties along with benefits like antidandruff activity, improved scalp circulation, and reduced hair whitening compared to synthetic alternatives.
May 2024 in “International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology” In this study, the preparation of herbal hair oil from ingredients like Amla, Hibiscus, and Bhringraj was reported to show anti-hairfall properties, along with beneficial effects such as anti-dandruff activity and improved scalp blood circulation, while meeting standard evaluation criteria for stability and organoleptic properties.
December 2024 in “International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology” In this study, researchers prepared a herbal hair tonic using virgin coconut oil and nine herbs, evaluating its antibacterial, antifungal activities, and benefits for hair strength, with variations in ingredient concentrations and analyses for consistency and appearance.
10 citations
,
April 2017 in “PLoS ONE” This study reports that the white rhinoceros has a unique integumentary structure among large herbivores, characterized by thick epidermis, organized collagen bundles, and the presence of coiled sweat glands.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that the HoxC gene cluster is crucial for the development of hair and nails in mice, with key regulation by two mammalian-specific enhancers.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology” This study investigated a herbal extract combining Emblica officinalis with 2% minoxidil solution for hair growth and found it significantly enhanced follicular size and prolonged hair growth phases, suggesting it may be an effective hair growth treatment compared to standard minoxidil solutions.
70 citations
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December 2004 in “Differentiation” This study identifies six novel keratin genes from the chromosome 17q21.2 region, suggesting their association with hair follicles, while all 27 keratin genes in the domain have been characterized transcriptionally.