May 2024 in “The Journal of Immunology” This study found that in mice, perforin-mediated cytolysis by CD8 T cells is not necessary for the autoimmune attack on hair follicles in alopecia areata, suggesting other mechanisms are responsible for disease progression.
34 citations
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June 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin in hair can trigger immune attacks in alopecia areata.
May 2018 in “International journal of cell science & molecular biology” This article discusses the biology of cosmetic aging and the chemical pathways involved, emphasizing research advancements that aid clinicians in rejuvenating skin and increasing scalp hair density, but it provides no new results.
July 1997 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” TGF-β is found in hair follicles and may cause hair loss in alopecia areata.
January 2023 in “International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology” This case report describes an 11-year-old Lhasa Apso diagnosed with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus, illustrating the link between these common endocrine disorders in dogs.
421 citations
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April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.
150 citations
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October 2010 in “The American Journal of Pathology” This review discusses the pathogenesis and challenges in treating primary cicatricial alopecia, highlighting the need to understand immune protection collapse in hair follicle stem cells; it reports no new clinical results.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study describes alopecia areata as a long-term, immune-mediated disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss, often occurring in genetically predisposed individuals and possibly triggered by T-cell-mediated inflammation, environmental stressors, and genetic factors.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study explains that alopecia areata, a long-term immune-mediated disorder causing patchy baldness, results from an immunological attack on hair follicles, often in genetically predisposed individuals, with a complex mix of immunological, environmental, and genetic factors involved in its development.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This source explores alopecia areata, an immune-mediated disorder causing patchy hair loss due to immunological attacks on hair follicles, with a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, particularly T-cell-mediated inflammation, contributing to its onset.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” In this research, the authors describe alopecia areata as a long-term, immune-mediated disorder that causes non-scarring hair loss due to an immunological attack on hair follicles, often occurring in genetically predisposed individuals and manifesting in childhood or early adulthood.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This abstract explains that alopecia areata is an immune-mediated condition causing non-scarring hair loss, typically in genetically predisposed individuals, with its etiology linked to immune dysregulation, environmental stressors, and genetic factors.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This source describes alopecia areata as a long-term, immune-mediated disorder causing non-scarring hair loss, often starting in childhood or early adulthood due to genetic predisposition and an immunological attack on hair follicles.
April 2025 in “ALEXMED ePosters” This study reported that CXCL12 may have a dual role in alopecia areata, where decreased levels could impair angiogenesis and disrupt vascular support to hair follicles, while its overexpression might exacerbate autoimmune attacks on hair follicles, contributing to hair loss.
45 citations
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May 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.
21 citations
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January 2024 in “Science Immunology” This study developed a technique to limit genetic recombination to regulatory T cells to investigate whether self-tolerance is maintained in non-lymphoid tissues, an area previously not well understood.
45 citations
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April 2019 in “International Immunology” This review discusses the mechanisms behind alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia and reports no new clinical results, aiming to guide the development of targeted treatments.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Scarring alopecia involves increased immune cells and specific gene changes near damaged hair follicles.
5 citations
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March 2025 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This study found that alopecia areata is linked to genetic factors, specifically HLA haplotypes on chromosome 6, and involves immune privilege collapse at hair follicles which is mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ.
286 citations
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August 2007 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” This review examines the interplay of genetics and neuroimmunology in alopecia areata, highlighting its potential to inform broader autoimmunity research, but reports no new findings.
16 citations
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January 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy” This review discusses the role of gut microbiota in autoimmune and immune-mediated dermatological conditions like lupus and psoriasis, but reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for further study into microbial signatures and treatments.
4 citations
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November 2016 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” This article discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for immune-mediated central nervous system diseases but reports no new clinical findings.
2 citations
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February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” This article discusses adverse immune-mediated skin reactions associated with TNF-alpha inhibitors, highlighting paradoxical reactions such as psoriasis that occur despite being treated with medications intended to alleviate the condition.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This study provides a framework for understanding different types of alopecias based on immune privilege collapse at specific follicular sites, revealing distinct patterns in immune effector programs and stromal influences depending on the alopecia type.
December 2022 in “Medical lasers” This study reviews the mechanism and potential treatment roles of low-level laser therapy for immune-mediated skin diseases, reporting no new clinical results.
40 citations
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January 2022 in “Nutrients” This review explores the potential impact of nutrition on immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases and evaluates whether dietary changes could help in treatment planning, but it presents no new clinical outcomes.
29 citations
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May 2020 in “npj Regenerative Medicine” This review discusses the role of the immune niche in hair follicle regeneration and its impact on different forms of alopecia, highlighting research gaps and potential therapeutic strategies.
9 citations
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June 2023 in “Cells” This review summarizes recent findings on how the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorders and discusses the potential of natural products, synthetic compounds, and biologic agents in their treatment. However, it emphasizes the need for further research to develop effective therapies.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “Genes & Diseases” This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.