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This case report describes a 13-year-old with DSD raised as female, exhibiting hoarseness and clitoral enlargement, with hormonal assessments not indicating common related deficiencies.

This review summarizes the latest evidence on testosterone, detailing its clinical indications, diagnostic tests, and impacts on various male organs, while also noting its association with aging, metabolic disorders, and increased mortality risk due to androgen deficiency.

This review reports that androgenetic alopecia in young adult men is consistently linked to lower self-esteem, increased anxiety, and a higher risk of depression, suggesting significant psychosocial impacts beyond cosmetic concerns.

This study discusses the importance of careful dermatological care for transgender youth receiving hormonal therapies, cautioning that acne treatments can interfere with hormone replacement therapy and emphasizing the need for a collaborative interdisciplinary approach to support both acne management and overall well-being.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause androgen insensitivity, leading to female traits in genetically male individuals.

This study suggests that residues Val-889 and Arg-752 in the androgen receptor's steroid binding domain are crucial for NH2-/carboxyl-terminal interaction, affecting receptor stability and function.

This case report highlights the importance of considering exogenous androgen exposure, such as transdermal testosterone cream used by a partner, in the diagnosis of virilization among women.

This study found that blocking androgen receptors in male rats during the perinatal period led to permanently increased estrogen and ER-a expression in the hypothalamus, affecting sexual preference in adulthood.

Mouse hair cells respond to male hormones by growing less, and this can be stopped by certain blockers.

This article discusses the complexities of diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women and reviews potential treatments, such as antiandrogens and finasteride, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses hormonal changes in aging men and suggests the need for more research on androgen supplementation and partial androgen deficiency, without presenting new clinical findings.

This study found that men with androgenic alopecia had significantly higher levels of certain urinary steroid metabolites, suggesting increased 5 alpha-reductase activity and possible mild hyperadrenal activity.

This study presents male pattern androgenetic alopecia (mpAGA) as a natural physiological process involving reversible transformation of hair follicles, but notes unresolved links with androgen mechanisms and highlights potential research avenues beyond androgen receptor signaling for treatment exploration.

Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.

This in vitro study found sex chromosome differences affect steroidogenic enzyme activity and androgen receptor expression in human skeletal muscle cells, showing varied responses to testosterone exposure between 46XY and 46XX cells.

Hyperandrogenism is diagnosed using clinical signs, lab tests, and imaging.

Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.

In this study, researchers found that young men with premature androgenetic alopecia had a hormonal profile similar to the pattern seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting a possible genetic link.

This study found that women with acne had higher rates of hyperandrogenism and obesity, and higher androgen levels and BMI were linked to increased acne severity.

This case report highlights a rare occurrence of poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma in a transgender man undergoing long-term testosterone therapy, underscoring the necessity of continued gynecologic care and further research into the effects of testosterone on endometrial health in this population.

This article proposes criteria to differentiate between medicalization and over-medicalization, examining the consequences and ethical considerations of misidentifying medical issues, and suggests guideline questions to help draw clearer boundaries in medicine.

This article argues that androgen sensitivity could be a key factor in the severity of COVID-19, suggesting that trials with anti-androgen agents may be warranted.

This article reviews the differential diagnosis and management approaches for androgen excess disorders, highlighting the predominance of polycystic ovary syndrome as the underlying cause and reports no new clinical findings.

This review examined how COVID-19 infection and vaccination might affect sexual activity, sex hormones, and menstrual cycles in men and women, and found no evidence of COVID-19 transmission via semen.

This study reports that severe androgenic alopecia prevalence in young Caucasian men increases with age, varies by region, and that body mass index may be a risk factor.

This study systematically reviewed dermatological conditions affecting transgender and gender-diverse individuals, highlighting that testosterone therapy can induce acne in 25–88% of transgender men and alopecia after over two years, while dermatologic care must consider both medical and social complexities.

This study observed that moderate to severe acne is the most common manifestation in women with hyperandrogenism and highlights acanthosis nigricans and hirsutism as useful clinical markers.

This review describes how recent discoveries in genetic defects and alternative pathways in androgen biosynthesis are reshaping our understanding of male sexual differentiation, but it presents no new clinical findings.

This review discusses recent advances in understanding gender differences in skin and their implications for dermatologic diseases, but it reports no new experimental results; ongoing research is necessary for translating these insights into clinical practice.