January 2015 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Women with PCOS often have irregular periods, a higher chance of infertility and miscarriages, and may improve fertility with lifestyle changes and treatment.
88 citations,
May 2011 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” High doses of cyproterone acetate are linked to an increased risk of developing meningioma.
68 citations,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Inclusive and affirming healthcare is essential for improving transgender individuals' quality of life and health.
1 citations,
March 2011 in “Infertility” Hormone imbalances from the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands can cause infertility, but treating these disorders can improve fertility.
48 citations,
January 2011 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” The conclusion is that genetic changes in the glucocorticoid receptor can lead to conditions affecting stress response, immunity, and metabolism, requiring personalized treatment.
October 2023 in “IJEM case reports” A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.
5 citations,
September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
4 citations,
January 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Indian women with PCOS may need different ultrasound criteria for diagnosis than current standards.
116 citations,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
39 citations,
April 2001 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Latanoprost, a glaucoma medication, caused excessive eyelid hair growth in many patients.
22 citations,
September 2018 in “Medical Clinics of North America” Facial aging is caused by natural processes and external factors, and can be managed with preventative measures and a variety of treatments tailored to individual needs.
11 citations,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” New ABCA12 gene mutations were linked to a skin condition with scaling and hair loss, and a treatment helped with hair loss in a related case.
128 citations,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Obesity is linked to various skin problems and may increase the risk of skin cancer.
1 citations,
September 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride discontinuation increases sperm count in men.
77 citations,
July 2013 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.
32 citations,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
12 citations,
February 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The enzyme type 1 5α-reductase is more active in the hair follicle's lower part than in the skin's outer layer.
34 citations,
December 2015 in “Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews” Some hormone-related drugs may protect brain cells in Parkinson's disease differently in men and women.
9 citations,
February 2013 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Mutations in the CYP21A2 gene are not a major factor in causing PCOS.
February 2013 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss is a common, often overlooked side effect of hormone treatments for breast and prostate cancer.
14 citations,
January 2013 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” The severity of symptoms in nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia is not determined by CYP21A2 gene variations.
28 citations,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
14 citations,
September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.
83 citations,
August 2018 in “BJOG” Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.
1 citations,
July 2011 in “Climacteric” Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.
1 citations,
April 2016 in “CRC Press eBooks” Skin aging reflects overall body aging and can indicate internal health conditions.
9 citations,
May 2015 in “Cardiology Clinics” The conclusion is that managing cholesterol is important for women, especially during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and with PCOS, and involves regular screening and careful treatment choices.
11 citations,
July 2012 in “Current Opinion in Pediatrics” Skin problems can be signs of hormone-related disorders and recognizing them early is important for treatment.