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The conclusion is that standardizing testosterone measurement methods is essential for better diagnosis accuracy in women.

A woman with high testosterone and an adrenal nodule had an ovarian tumor causing her symptoms, which improved after the tumor was removed.

Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.

Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.

A rare ovarian tumor that produced testosterone caused a blood clot in the lungs and increased red blood cells in a woman.

Metformin can help diagnose and treat high testosterone levels in women, often due to insulin resistance rather than a tumor.

A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.

Testosterone replacement therapy helps manage deficiency and has various methods, but requires careful monitoring to avoid side effects.

Metformin improved insulin resistance and BMI in overweight Taiwanese women with PCOS, and a 2-hour insulin test may be a good screening tool.

Glycated hemoglobin is not as effective as the oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosing blood sugar problems in women with PCOS in Southern Iraq.

Inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 show potential for treating type 2 diabetes but require more testing for safety and effectiveness.

A young woman's symptoms suggested PCOS, but tests and surgery confirmed and treated a rare ovarian tumor, resolving her condition.

Eating less starch and dairy helped overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve symptoms.

Simvastatin may help manage symptoms in women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia by lowering cholesterol and certain hormone levels.

A woman's severe insulin resistance improved with treatment, but she still had high testosterone levels due to ovarian issues.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

A low-starch/low-dairy diet may help overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve metabolism, but more research is needed.

Most diabetic patients have skin problems, which are more common with longer diabetes duration and poor blood sugar control.

Metformin improved menstrual cycle regularity and signs of hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but did not improve blood sugar control.

Skin tags in obese individuals may indicate higher cardiovascular risk.

GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.

Experts agree on how to manage sugar levels and skin reactions in patients taking the cancer drug alpelisib.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

The woman's rare combination of diseases suggests an unknown factor may predispose individuals to multiple endocrine diseases.

Early-onset AGA shows different hair and metabolic characteristics compared to normal-onset AGA.

The therapies improved ejaculation disorders and sexual function in middle-aged men.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.

A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.

The document concludes that HAIR-AN syndrome should be considered when a patient shows severe hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance after excluding tumors.