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Orphan drug benefit scores in Germany are influenced by phase III data and lack of alternatives, but not linked to price or discounts.

Kids from areas with more high school dropouts have higher rates of brain injuries.

Hair regrowth was seen in 83% of children with alopecia, immune system plays a role in the condition, and various treatments showed effectiveness for hair and nail disorders.

Skin problems like excessive hair growth, acne, and dark skin patches can be signs of Polycystic Ovarian Disease, which may also be linked to family history and a risk for diabetes.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause skin and hair damage by altering gene expression and signaling pathways.

Early and late matrix progenitors in hair follicles create different cell layers, with early ones forming the companion layer and later ones forming the inner root sheath and hair shaft.

Sweat glands and hair follicles are determined by opposing signals, with BMPs promoting sweat glands and blocking BMPs leading to hair follicles.

Researchers improved a method to study individual cells in newborn mouse skin and found a way to assess the severity of a skin condition in humans.

Most acne patients were young males with face acne, with many experiencing worsening in summer and diet-related aggravation.

Adult acne is mostly inflammatory, affects women more, and often scars, needing good treatment to prevent damage.

Topical tacrolimus is effective and safe for treating alopecia areata.

Most Cochrane Skin Group reviews are helpful for improving dermatology practices, but some lack enough evidence for clinical recommendations.

Antibiotic ointment and petrolatum ointment heal wounds similarly; iron deficiency isn't linked to certain hair loss in women; griseofulvin and terbinafine are equally effective for fungal scalp infections but work better on different types.

Certain immune system genes are linked to a higher risk of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, while others may offer protection.

Atopic dermatitis significantly lowers the quality of life for infants and their families.

New treatments and diagnostic methods for urological conditions show promise, but some lack sufficient accuracy for clinical use.

Various techniques and tools for hair restoration were presented in 1998, including a mathematical model for donor area, use of lasers in surgery, methods for controlling grafted hair direction, and ways to increase graft yield. Satisfaction rates were around 39%, and studies showed trauma and dehydration can damage hair follicles.

A new hair transplant method showed promising results and a study found how deep a CO₂ laser can penetrate skin.

Hair loss linked to prostate enlargement; stress and family history important factors.

Female hair loss can be diagnosed using specific trichoscopy criteria.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

COVID-19 leaves 80% of patients with long-term symptoms like fatigue and headaches.

MicroRNAs are crucial in controlling cell signaling, affecting cancer and tissue regeneration.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.

Hair growth is cyclic and influenced mainly by local factors.

Photobiomodulation therapy using red and near-infrared light can reduce inflammation and aid in healing various conditions.

The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.