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Glossary Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists

medications that block hormone signals to reduce sex hormone production

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists (GnRH antagonists) are medications that block the action of GnRH, a hormone responsible for stimulating the release of other hormones like LH and FSH from the pituitary gland. By inhibiting this pathway, GnRH antagonists can reduce the production of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen, making them useful in treatments for conditions like prostate cancer, endometriosis, and certain fertility issues.

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research Polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: an update

26 citations , July 2021 in “International journal of adolescent medicine and health”

This review covers various treatments for managing PCOS symptoms and infertility, noting that aromatase inhibitors may be as or more effective than clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction but reports no new clinical results.

research Pharmacological Control of Reproduction in the Dog and Cat

January 2019

Different drugs are used to manage breeding, prevent or end pregnancy, and treat reproductive issues in dogs and cats.

research 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Disclose Distinct Phenotypes of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

42 citations , September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

This study found that women with PCOS who have an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to buserelin exhibit more severe hyperandrogenemia, increased insulin secretion, and reduced insulin sensitivity.

research Hormone therapy in acne

24 citations , January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

This review examines hormonal influences on acne development and available hormonal therapies but reports no new clinical results.

research Corticotropin releasing factor-1 receptor antagonism associated with favorable outcomes of male reproductive health biochemical parameters

May 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

This study found that tildacerfont treatment in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia reduced androgen levels and improved markers of testicular function, suggesting potential benefits for male reproductive health.

research Hirsutes II: Treatment

15 citations , August 1998 in “Australasian journal of dermatology”

This review discusses various treatments for hirsutism, including cosmetic techniques, anti-androgens like spironolactone, and new drugs such as finasteride and flutamide, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Anti-androgen Treatments

24 citations , January 2010 in “Annales d'endocrinologie”

This review discusses treatment options for hirsutism in women of childbearing age, focusing on the use of contraceptives, CPA, spironolactone, and third-line therapies, and reports no clinical results.

research Androgenic modulation of arterial baroreceptor dysfunction and neuroinflammation in endotoxic male rats

2 citations , February 2021 in “Brain Research”

This study found that testosterone replacement in castrated male rats counteracted endotoxemia-induced arterial baroreflex dysfunction without significantly affecting neuroinflammation.

research Physiology of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in the Male

70 citations , March 2016 in “Urologic Clinics of North America”

This article reviews the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, male fertility, and therapies for hypogonadism, but reports no new clinical findings.

research ANTIANDROGEN THERAPY IN DERMATOLOGY

32 citations , November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This review discusses the use of antiandrogen therapy in dermatology, covering treatments for conditions like acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia but reports no new clinical findings.

research CLINICAL UPDATES IN HAIR

19 citations , January 1997 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

This chapter reviews various antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors, detailing their mechanisms, uses, and side effects, with a focus on spironolactone, finasteride, dutasteride, and oral contraceptives.

research The Evaluation and Management of Hirsutism

11 citations , May 2003 in “Obstetrics and gynecology (New York. 1953. Online)/Obstetrics and gynecology”

This review explores the evaluation and treatment of hirsutism, emphasizing a systematic approach to uncovering its causes and recommending combination therapies for effective management, but presents no new results.

research The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Acne

2 citations , January 2014 in “Springer eBooks”

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) often leads to severe acne, and lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments can help manage it.

research Novel anti-Mullerian hormone receptor 2 binding peptide prevents chemotherapy-related ovarian follicle loss in a mouse model

May 2026 in “Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics”

In this study, researchers developed and tested a novel peptide, AMHR2BP, which mimics the function of Anti-Müllerian hormone to protect ovarian follicles in mice, showing promise for preserving ovarian health during chemotherapy without causing toxicity.

research Reporting on Adverse Clinical Events

November 2010 in “Clin-Alert”

Monitoring for adverse effects in clinical treatments is crucial.

research Non polycystic ovary syndrome–related endocrine disorders associated with hirsutism

39 citations , May 2011 in “European Journal of Clinical Investigation”

This review discusses the various causes of hirsutism other than PCOS, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing potentially life-threatening conditions like androgen-secreting tumors from more benign causes; it reports no new clinical findings.

research Characteristics of flutamide action on prostatic and testicular functions in the rat

30 citations , June 1988 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”

This study found that combining Flutamide and an LHRH agonist in adult male rats effectively inhibited prostatic growth and reduced androgen-sensitive prostatic activity markers to levels similar to castrated rats.

research Recent discoveries and developments of androgen receptor based therapy for prostate cancer

17 citations , January 2015 in “MedChemComm”

New treatments for prostate cancer are less toxic and show promise, but more research is needed to enhance their effectiveness and reduce side effects.

research Neuroendocrine Determinants of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

19 citations , March 2022 in “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health”

This review covers the neuroendocrine aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on hormones and neurotransmitters like GnRH and kisspeptin, but does not report new clinical findings.

research Ovarian hyperthecosis in adolescent females: two case reports and a review of the literature

July 2024 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism”

This study presents two adolescent cases of ovarian hyperthecosis, a rare cause of severe hyperandrogenism, highlighting management strategies involving gonadotropin suppression and hormone replacement after excluding androgen-producing adrenal and ovarian tumors.

research Impact of Medical Castration on Malignant Arrhythmias in Patients With Prostate Cancer

8 citations , February 2021 in “Journal of the American Heart Association”

This study observed that medical castration for prostate cancer prolongs the QT/QTc intervals, potentially leading to serious arrhythmias like torsade de pointes and ventricular fibrillation, even in patients without prior QT prolongation risk.

research Invasion and increased expression of S100A4 and CYR61 in mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells is downregulated by GnRH

21 citations , April 2016 in “International Journal of Oncology”

This study found that treatment with the GnRH agonist Triptorelin significantly decreased invasion and expression of S100A4 and CYR61 in certain breast cancer cells, suggesting a potential role in slowing cancer progression.

research Update on the therapeutic role of metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects on pathophysiologic process and fertility outcomes

12 citations , February 2025 in “Women s Health”

This paper reports that while metformin may improve fertility outcomes and reduce miscarriage rates in women with PCOS, its efficacy can differ depending on the specific treatment combination used.

research Microglia: sculptors of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like brain?

1 citations , June 2023 in “Reproduction”

This review discusses the role of microglia in mediating prenatal androgen effects on the female brain, potentially contributing to PCOS development and neuroendocrine dysfunctions, but reports no new results.

research Hormonal regulation in male androgenetic alopecia—Sex hormones and beyond: Evidence from recent genetic studies

15 citations , June 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review discusses recent genetic findings on hormonal signaling pathways in androgenetic alopecia, reporting no new study results but highlighting the need for further investigation.

research Relationship between serum anti-Mullerian hormone and intrafollicular AMH levels in PCOS women

28 citations , September 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology”

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher serum and intrafollicular levels of anti-Müllerian hormone compared to normovulatory women, indicating a potential marker for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risk.

research Redefining hormone resistance in prostate cancer

38 citations , December 2009 in “Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology”

This discussion proposes a model to incorporate patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer into the existing framework by redefining hormone resistance and exploring new therapeutic approaches.

research Steroid Hormones

3 citations , January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This article discusses the various roles of steroids in vertebrate organ systems and notes several glucocorticoids that were among the Top 200 Drugs by sales in the 2010s, but it reports no new clinical findings.

research Prolactin and the Skin: A Dermatological Perspective on an Ancient Pleiotropic Peptide Hormone

98 citations , December 2008 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This review discusses the possible impacts of prolactin on skin conditions like psoriasis, alopecia, and stress-related dermatoses, emphasizing the need for further research to explore its therapeutic potential.

research Endocrinology, Brain, and Pituitary Gland

2 citations , November 2013 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This chapter discusses the role of hormones in regulating reproductive biology and outlines how the endocrine system, particularly the brain and pituitary gland, controls these hormonal processes.