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GlossaryGonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists (Gonadorelin analogues)

medications that initially boost, then suppress, sex hormone production

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists (GnRH agonists) are medications that mimic the natural hormone GnRH, which regulates the release of other hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. Initially, they increase the production of these hormones, but with continuous use, they suppress their release, leading to reduced levels of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. This makes them useful in treating hormone-sensitive conditions like prostate cancer, endometriosis, and certain types of breast cancer.

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research Facial Feminization Surgery: Current State of the Art

134 citations, June 2012 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery”

Facial feminization surgery is effective in helping transgender women appear more feminine and has high patient satisfaction.

research A Systematic Review of Antiandrogens and Feminization in Transgender Women

31 citations, September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology”

Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.

research Antiandrogen Therapy in Dermatology

32 citations, November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Antiandrogens can help treat skin conditions like acne and excessive hair in women when used carefully.

research Hyperadrenocorticism in Ferrets

6 citations, January 2013

Hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets is linked to neutering and indoor housing, and is best treated with surgery and a deslorelin implant.

research Hair Today Gone Tomorrow with Flutamide

November 1990 in “Inpharma weekly”

Flutamide effectively treated hair growth and related symptoms in women, with common side effects like dry skin and hot flushes.

research The Role of the Orthognathic Surgeon in Facial Feminization Surgery

December 2016

Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.

research Kennedy's Disease and Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Report of 4 Cases and Literature Review

May 2015 in “Endocrinología y nutrición”

The conclusion is that adult males with muscle weakness and hormonal imbalances should be tested for Kennedy's disease.

research New Biomarkers to Evaluate Hyperandrogenemic Women and Hypogonadal Men

14 citations, January 2018 in “Advances in Clinical Chemistry”

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

Development and Validation of a Procedure for the Determination of Minoxidil in Hair-Regrowth Formulations Using Two Variants of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

research Development and Validation of a Procedure for the Determination of Minoxidil in Hair-Regrowth Formulations Using Two Variants of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

14 citations, May 2005 in “Farmaco”

A method was created in 2005 to identify minoxidil, a hair growth ingredient, in products using two types of capillary zone electrophoresis, and it found that most products had about 2% minoxidil.

research Spontaneous Fertility in a Male Patient with Testotoxicosis Despite Suppression of FSH Levels

3 citations, February 2018 in “Human Reproduction”

A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.

research Finasteride

October 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Finasteride helps hair growth and prostate issues but may cause sexual side effects and increase tumor risk.