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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Low zinc levels in chronic liver disease patients are linked to more severe symptoms like taste issues and skin problems, and zinc supplements might help.

Genetics affect early female hair loss, severity depends on duration, and low ferritin levels not significant.

Effective hirsutism management requires identifying the cause, combining new and traditional treatments, and setting realistic expectations for patients.

Hair loss has many causes and treatments, and losing some hair daily is normal; proper diagnosis is key, and minoxidil can help treat it.

The study found three different timing patterns of symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

The conclusion is that different types of hair loss in dogs and cats can be cosmetic or serious, and affected animals should not be bred.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.

The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Both mouse and rat models are effective for testing alopecia areata treatments.

An elderly woman's swollen, painful foot was found to be caused by a rare type of bone lymphoma, which improved with radiation treatment.

Melasma's causes include genetics, sun exposure, hormones, and oxidative stress, and understanding these can help create better treatments.

Skin, hair, and nail changes can help detect eating disorders early.

A young woman's symptoms suggested PCOS, but tests and surgery confirmed and treated a rare ovarian tumor, resolving her condition.

Birth control pills change the activity of certain inflammation and blood clotting genes in women with PCOS.

COVID-19 may affect male fertility and women might have better outcomes due to hormonal and immune differences.

Blocking testosterone speeds up wound healing in males.

High doses of ethynylestradiol in rats caused growth issues, organ changes, and some tumors, but didn't increase overall tumor rates.

High doses of norethindrone acetate in rats caused various organ changes but didn't significantly increase tumor rates.

Male C57BL/6 mice show age-related fluctuations in certain hormones and their ratios in both blood and hair.

Gonadal hormones significantly affect the severity of alopecia areata in mice.

Spironolactone reduces the number of androgen receptor sites in rat skin by blocking them with its metabolite.

Stress and hormones like progesterone can affect absence seizures, but their effects change with different life stages.

Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.

Long-term use of finasteride in women can cause hormonal changes, DNA damage, and menstrual issues.

Treatment of acromegaly can improve women's reproductive health issues caused by hormonal imbalances or tumors.

Finasteride reduces hair loss and treats BPH without major hormone changes, but may cause sexual dysfunction.