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July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.
May 2021 in “Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine” A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.
86 citations,
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51 citations,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
45 citations,
April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
54 citations,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
54 citations,
November 2001 in “Urology” The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.
53 citations,
January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
7 citations,
August 2008 in “Cases Journal” A hair tightly wrapped around a toddler's toe caused severe crying and was treated by surgery.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
16 citations,
September 2008 in “Dermatologic Therapy” CAH is a genetic disorder affecting cortisol production and causing hormonal imbalances, with treatment and diagnosis varying by form and symptoms.
15 citations,
April 2016 in “Hormones” Mutations in the NR3C1 gene cause a rare condition that affects hormone signaling and can lead to various symptoms, with dexamethasone as a treatment option.
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February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.
4 citations,
August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.
2 citations,
October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
1 citations,
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1 citations,
November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
July 2017 in “Contemporary Endocrinology” The document concludes that patient outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are often not ideal because of poor management and a need for better diagnosis and treatment methods.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
10 citations,
January 2018 in “Dermatology online journal” Genital rejuvenation is becoming popular for improving genital appearance and function in both men and women.
94 citations,
April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A new gene mutation causes female pseudohermaphroditism due to glucocorticoid resistance.
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August 2016 in “Nursing for Women's Health” To prevent and treat Hair-thread tourniquet syndrome in infants, keep a close eye on their limbs, manage maternal hair loss, and educate parents and healthcare providers.
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December 2019 in “JAAD Case Reports” A woman experienced rapid hair loss after taking albendazole, but it started to improve when she stopped the medication.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
August 2022 in “Archives of pediatric surgery” Hair-Thread Tourniquet Syndrome is a rare condition where hair or thread tightly wraps around a child's body part, requiring quick treatment to prevent damage.
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December 2011 in “Advances in Urology” The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.