July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.
124 citations,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
2 citations,
October 2021 in “Bioinformation” Certain gene variants are linked to a higher risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, hair loss, and obesity in women from western Saudi Arabia.
44 citations,
April 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.
37 citations,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
March 2024 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal/Middle East Fertility Society Journal ” PCOS patients have more central body fat, which can be effectively measured using DEXA.
September 2023 in “Journal of the turkish academy of dermatology” Men with male pattern baldness had higher body fat and obesity-related measurements but similar heart fat and artery thickness compared to healthy men.
14 citations,
August 2014 in “Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism” A low-starch/low-dairy diet may help overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve metabolism, but more research is needed.
218 citations,
October 2013 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.
506 citations,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
149 citations,
December 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
105 citations,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
92 citations,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
18 citations,
December 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Increased HSD11B1 enzyme expression is linked to higher body fat and insulin resistance.
June 2017 in “Jurnal Biomedik : JBM” Broiler chicken meat extract increases body weight, visceral fat, and hair production in young male Wistar rats.
90 citations,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
72 citations,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
31 citations,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
November 2003 in “Aap Grand Rounds” Low-dose flutamide-metformin therapy effectively improved PCOS symptoms in adolescent girls.
8 citations,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
5 citations,
June 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.
204 citations,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
44 citations,
March 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Women with PCOS have lower ghrelin levels and a weaker response to sugar, which might affect their feeling of fullness and lead to overeating.
28 citations,
November 2013 in “The FASEB journal” Mice with CBS deficiency are healthier on a low-methionine diet.
19 citations,
July 2015 in “Journal of inherited metabolic disease” Methionine restriction works better than betaine for treating CBS deficiency symptoms in mice.
14 citations,
November 2015 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Changing the diet of mice lacking the enzyme CBS can affect symptoms related to the genetic condition.
14 citations,
May 2013 in “American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism” Removing myelin protein zero-like 3 in mice leads to better metabolism and resistance to obesity.
3 citations,
August 2020 in “Nutrition Journal” Spinach-derived thylakoid supplements plus a low-calorie diet helped obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome lose weight and improve their metabolism.